Institution
University of St. Gallen
Education•St. Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland•
About: University of St. Gallen is a education organization based out in St. Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Information management. The organization has 6627 authors who have published 15426 publications receiving 452400 citations. The organization is also known as: St. Gallen University.
Topics: Population, Information management, Context (language use), Business model, Computer science
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the trade-off between environmental regulation and competitiveness unnecessarily raises costs and slows down environmental progress, and that instead of simply adding to cost, properly crafted environmental standards can trigger innovation offsets, allowing companies to improve their resource productivity.
Abstract: Accepting a fixed trade-off between environmental regulation and competitiveness unnecessarily raises costs and slows down environmental progress. Studies finding high environmental compliance costs have traditionally focused on static cost impacts, ignoring any offsetting productivity benefits from innovation. They typically overestimated compliance costs, neglected innovation offsets, and disregarded the affected industry's initial competitiveness. Rather than simply adding to cost, properly crafted environmental standards can trigger innovation offsets, allowing companies to improve their resource productivity. Shifting the debate from pollution control to pollution prevention was a step forward. It is now necessary to make the next step and focus on resource productivity.
8,154 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that negative emotions towards defectors are the proximate mechanism behind altruistic punishment and that cooperation flourishes if altruistic punishments are possible, and breaks down if it is ruled out.
Abstract: Human cooperation is an evolutionary puzzle. Unlike other creatures, people frequently cooperate with genetically unrelated strangers, often in large groups, with people they will never meet again, and when reputation gains are small or absent. These patterns of cooperation cannot be explained by the nepotistic motives associated with the evolutionary theory of kin selection and the selfish motives associated with signalling theory or the theory of reciprocal altruism. Here we show experimentally that the altruistic punishment of defectors is a key motive for the explanation of cooperation. Altruistic punishment means that individuals punish, although the punishment is costly for them and yields no material gain. We show that cooperation flourishes if altruistic punishment is possible, and breaks down if it is ruled out. The evidence indicates that negative emotions towards defectors are the proximate mechanism behind altruistic punishment. These results suggest that future study of the evolution of human cooperation should include a strong focus on explaining altruistic punishment.
4,353 citations
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Edinburgh Royal Infirmary1, University of St. Gallen2, Charité3, Sahlgrenska University Hospital4, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center5, University of Alberta6, Mayo Clinic7, McGill University8, University of Cagliari9, Cleveland Clinic10, Sapienza University of Rome11, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust12
TL;DR: A framework exists on a framework for the definition and classification of cancer cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to progressive functional impairment.
Abstract: Summary To develop a framework for the definition and classification of cancer cachexia a panel of experts participated in a formal consensus process, including focus groups and two Delphi rounds. Cancer cachexia was defined as a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to progressive functional impairment. Its pathophysiology is characterised by a negative protein and energy balance driven by a variable combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism. The agreed diagnostic criterion for cachexia was weight loss greater than 5%, or weight loss greater than 2% in individuals already showing depletion according to current bodyweight and height (body-mass index [BMI] 2 ) or skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia). An agreement was made that the cachexia syndrome can develop progressively through various stages—precachexia to cachexia to refractory cachexia. Severity can be classified according to degree of depletion of energy stores and body protein (BMI) in combination with degree of ongoing weight loss. Assessment for classification and clinical management should include the following domains: anorexia or reduced food intake, catabolic drive, muscle mass and strength, functional and psychosocial impairment. Consensus exists on a framework for the definition and classification of cancer cachexia. After validation, this should aid clinical trial design, development of practice guidelines, and, eventually, routine clinical management.
3,548 citations
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TL;DR: The guidelines have been updated and level of evidence/grade of recommendation added to the text enables readers to better understand the quality of the data forming the basis of the recommendations.
3,209 citations
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TL;DR: Broad treatment recommendations are presented, recognizing that detailed treatment decisions need to consider disease extent, host factors, patient preferences, and social and economic constraints.
3,160 citations
Authors
Showing all 6882 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Ernst Fehr | 131 | 486 | 108454 |
Cezmi A. Akdis | 115 | 612 | 50863 |
Joseph Sarkis | 101 | 482 | 45116 |
Roger Stupp | 93 | 430 | 63025 |
Kenneth R. Seddon | 89 | 425 | 45616 |
Michael Schmid | 88 | 715 | 30874 |
David B. Herzog | 86 | 261 | 21372 |
Jakob Passweg | 86 | 591 | 27282 |
Ulrich Müller | 82 | 319 | 22740 |
Andreas Herrmann | 82 | 761 | 25274 |
Reinhold Förster | 77 | 258 | 36777 |
Pietro Vernazza | 75 | 287 | 19603 |
Bernd Nowack | 70 | 218 | 25248 |
Martin Müller | 68 | 437 | 21728 |
Matthias Cavassini | 66 | 443 | 18960 |