Applied Psychology 

About: Applied Psychology is an academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Job satisfaction & Personality. It has an ISSN identifier of 0269-994X. Over the lifetime, 1945 publications have been published receiving 103002 citations. The journal is also known as: Psychologie appliquée.

Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation

Abstract: La psychologie interculturelle a montre qu'il existait des rapports etroits entre le contexte culturel et le developpement comportemental de l'individu. Cette relation etablie, l'effort des recherches interculturelles a de plus en plus porte sur ce qu'il advenait des individus quand ils tentaient de refaire leur vie dans une culture differente de leur culture d'origine. Les consequences psychologiques a long terme de ce processus d'acculturation sont tres variables, dependant de variables sociales et personnelles qui renvoient a la societe de depart, a la societe d'accueil et a des phenomenes qui existent avant, mais qui emergent pendant la periode d'acculturation. Cet article esquisse un schema conceptuel a partir duquel acculturation et adaptation peuvent ětre etudiees, puis presente quelques conclusions et resultats generaux tires d'un echantillon de travaux empiriques. On envisage des applications possibles a la politique et aux programmes d'insertion en prenant en consideration les couts et les benefices sociaux et psychologiques emanant de l'adoprion d'une orientation pluraliste et integrationniste. Cross-cultural psychology has demonstrated important links between cultural context and individual behavioural development. Given this relationship, cross-cultural research has increasingly investigated what happens to individuals who have developed in one cultural context when they attempt to re-establish their lives in another one. The long-term psychological consequences of this process of acculturation are highly variable, depending on social and personal variables that reside in the society of origin, the society of settlement. and phenomena that both exist prior to, and arise during, the course of acculturation. This article outlines a conceptual framework within which acculturation and adaptation can be investigated, and then presents some general findings and conclusions based on a sample of empirical studies. Applications to public policy and programmes are proposed. along with a consideration of the social and psychological costs and benefits of adopting a pluralist and integrationist orientation to these issues.

The Influence of Culture, Community, and the Nested-Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory

Abstract: Conservation of Resources (COR) theory predicts that resource loss is the principal ingredient in the stress process. Resource gain, in turn, is depicted as of increasing importance in the context of loss. Because resources are also used to prevent resource loss, at each stage of the stress process people are increasingly vulnerable to negative stress sequelae, that if ongoing result in rapid and impactful loss spirals. COR theory is seen as an alternative to appraisal-based stress theories because it relies more centrally on the objective and culturally construed nature of the environment in determining the stress process, rather than the individual’s personal construel. COR theory has been successfully employed in predicting a range of stress outcomes in organisational settings, health contexts, following traumatic stress, and in the face of everyday stressors. Recent advances in understanding the biological, cognitive, and social bases of stress responding are seen as consistent with the original formulation of COR theory, but call for envisioning of COR theory and the stress process within a more collectivist backdrop than was first posited. The role of both resource losses and gains in predicting positive stress outcomes is also considered. Finally, the limitations and applications of COR theory are discussed.

A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work

Abstract: On presente dans cet article une theorie des categories de valeurs a partir desquelles les cultures peuvent etre comparees; cette theorie est validee grâce a des donnees en provenance de 49 pays du monde entier. Sept categories de valeurs ont ete identifiees et reparties sur trois dimensions bipolaires: Conservatisme oppose a Autonomie intellectuelle et affective, Hierarchie opposee a Egalitarisme, Domination opposee a Harmonie. Les pays sont situes dans un espace bidimensionnel en fonction de leurs valeurs fondamentales, faisant apparaitre des regroupements culturellement significatifs. Les analyses portent sur des echantillons d'enseignants et d'etudiants. On explicite l'impact de la differenciation des valeurs culturelles selon les pays sur les differences de signification du travail. Afin de stimuler la recherche sur le travail et les valeurs culturelles, on enonce des hypotheses concernant les principaux aspects des valeurs culturelles qui sont particulierement compatibles ou en contradiction avec la centralite du travail, avec diverses normes de societe touchant le travail, et avec la poursuite de quatre types de valeurs ou buts professionnels.

Modeling Health Behavior Change: How to Predict and Modify the Adoption and Maintenance of Health Behaviors

Abstract: Health-compromising behaviors such as physical inactivity and poor dietary habits are difficult to change. Most social-cognitive theories assume that an individual’s intention to change is the best direct predictor of actual change. But people often do not behave in accordance with their intentions. This discrepancy between intention and behavior is due to several reasons. For example, unforeseen barriers could emerge, or people might give in to temptations. Therefore, intention needs to be supplemented by other, more proximal factors that might compromise or facilitate the translation of intentions into action. Some of these postintentional factors have been identified, such as perceived self-efficacy and strategic planning. They help to bridge the intention– behavior gap. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) suggests a distinction between (a) preintentional motivation processes that lead to a behavioral intention, and (b) postintentional volition processes that lead to the actual health behavior. In this article, seven studies are reported that examine the role of volitional mediators in the initiation and adherence to five health behaviors: physical exercise, breast self-examination, seat belt use, dietary behaviors, and dental flossing. The general aim is to examine the applicability of the HAPA and its universality by replicating it across different health behaviors, based on various measures, time spans, and samples from different countries. Les comportements nuisibles a la sante tels que le manque d’exercice physique et les mauvaises habitudes alimentaires sont difficiles a modifier. La plupart des theories socio-cognitives admettent que le meilleur predicteur d’un reel changement est l’intention que la personne a de changer. Mais la conduite est souvent en contradiction avec les intentions. La divergence entre intention et comportement est due a plusieurs raisons. Par exemple, des obstacles imprevus

Social Cognitive Theory in Cultural Context

Abstract: La theorie socio-cognitive adopte une perspective d’action pour ce qui est du developpement, de l’adaptation et du changement humains. Cette theorie distingue trois types d’action: l’action personnelle exercee individuellement, l’action par procuration ou l’on s’assure de benefices desires en incitant autrui a intervenir en sa faveur, et l’action collective ou les gens agissent ensemble pour construire leur avenir. Des dichotomies conflictuelles parsement notre domaine, opposant l’autonomie et l’interdependance, l’individualisme et le collectivisme. Les determinants et les doses d’action individuelle, par procuration et collective varient culturellement. Mais tous les modes d’action sont necessaires pour parvenir a ses fins quel que soit le contexte culturel. Les cultures sont diverses et dynamiques, ce ne sont pas des monolithes statiques. La diversite intraculturelle et les ecarts dans les orientations psychosociales mettent en evidence la dynamique aux multiples facettes des cultures. La globalisation croissante, la pluralite des societes et l’immersion dans un monde virtuel qui se joue du temps, des distances, des lieux et des frontieres incitent aelargir la portee des etudes interculturelles. Les preoccupations se focalisent sur la facon dont les forces nationales et globales interagissent dans la creation de la vie culturelle. Social cognitive theory adopts an agentic perspective to human development, adaptation, and change. The theory distinguishes among three modes of agency: personal agency exercised individually; proxy agency in which people secure desired outcomes by influencing others to act on their behalf; and collective agency in which people act in concert to shape their future. Contentious dualisms pervade our field pitting autonomy against interdependence; individualism against collectivism and communality; and personal agency against social structure. The determinants and agentic blends of individual, proxy, and collective instrumentality vary cross-culturally. But all agentic modes are needed to make it through the day whatever the cultural context in which one resides. Cultures are diverse and dynamic social systems not static monoliths. Intracultural diversity and intraindividual variation in psychosocial orientations across spheres of functioning underscore the multifaceted dynamic nature of cultures. The growing globalisation and cultural pluralisation of societies and enmeshment in a cyberworld that transcends time, distance, place, and national borders call for broadening the scope of cross-cultural analyses. The issues of interest center on how national and global forces interact to shape the nature of cultural life.