Showing papers in "Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine in 2003"
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that more rapid regeneration of burn wounds after transplantation of fibroblast-like bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was due to low differentiation of these cells in comparison with embryonic fibroblasts.
Abstract: Regeneration of deep burn wounds after transplantation of allogenic and autogenic fibroblast-like bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic fibroblasts on burn surface was studied in 40 Wistar rats. Transplantation of allogenic and autogenic fibroblast-like bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and transplantation of embryonic fibroblasts decreased cell infiltration of the wound and accelerated the formation of new vessels and granulation tissue in the wound in comparison with the control (burn wounds without cell transplantation). Regeneration processes were most active after transplantation of fibroblast-like bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, in particular, autogenic cells, which was confirmed by more rapid decrease in burn surface area. Wound healing after transplantation of fibroblast-like bone marrow mesenchymal cells and embryonic fibroblasts was associated with long functioning of transplanted cells (as was shown by staining for beta-galactosidase, the cells were transfected with an adenovirus vector carrying the marker gene). It is hypothesized that more rapid regeneration of burn wounds after transplantation of fibroblast-like bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was due to low differentiation of these cells in comparison with embryonic fibroblasts.
107 citations
TL;DR: Treatment with R. rosea extract activated the synthesis or resynthesis of ATP in mitochondria and stimulated reparative energy processes after intense exercise, and was most effective for improving physical working capacity.
Abstract: We studied the effects of oral treatment with extracts from Rhodiola rosea (50 mg/kg) and Rhodiola crenulata (50 mg/kg) roots on the duration of exhaustive swimming and ATP content in mitochondria of skeletal muscles in rats. Treatment with R. rosea extract significantly (by 24.6%) prolonged the duration of exhaustive swimming in comparison with control rats and rats treated with R. crenullata. R. rosea extract activated the synthesis or resynthesis of ATP in mitochondria and stimulated reparative energy processes after intense exercise. Experiments proved different pharmacological characteristics of R. rosea and R. crenulata: R. rosea is most effective for improving physical working capacity.
106 citations
TL;DR: Dimebon in low concentrations potentiated activity of AMPA-receptors in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons, while memantine produced only an insignificant potentiation in a small group of these cells.
Abstract: Dimebon in low concentrations potentiated activity of AMPA-receptors in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons, while memantine produced only an insignificant potentiation in a small group of these cells. In cortical neurons of rat brain memantine efficiently blocked NMDA-induced currents in dimebon-insensitive neurons. By contrast, its effect was far weaker in neurons, where the blocking action of dimebon on NMDA-receptors was most pronounced. It was hypothesized that the differences in the effects of memantine and dimebon are determined by their interaction with different sites of NMDA-receptors.
104 citations
TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Fucus evanescens (brown algae of the Okhotsk Sea) was similar to that of heparin.
Abstract: In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Fucus evanescens (brown algae of the Okhotsk Sea) was similar to that of heparin. Anticoagulant properties of fucoidan are determined by thrombin inhibition mediated via plasma antithrombin III.
66 citations
TL;DR: Addition of Epithalon peptide in telomerase-negative human fetal fibroblast culture induced expression of the catalytical subunit, enzymatic activity of telomersase, and telomere elongation, which indicates the possibility of prolonging life span of a cell population and of the whole organism.
Abstract: Addition of Epithalon peptide in telomerase-negative human fetal fibroblast culture induced expression of the catalytical subunit, enzymatic activity of telomerase, and telomere elongation, which can be due to reactivation of telomerase gene in somatic cells and indicates the possibility of prolonging life span of a cell population and of the whole organism.
38 citations
TL;DR: The results attest to predisposition to oxidative stress and poor cytotoxic functions of granulocytes in women with habitual abortions, which can be due to specific features of regulation of oxidase activity by tyrosine protein kinases and protein phosphatases and by p38 MAPK.
Abstract: Generation of active oxygen forms by blood granulocytes was studied in women with a history of habitual abortions (2-3 spontaneous abortions in the first trimester, undeveloped pregnancies). The level of spontaneous luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of nonfractionated peripheral blood was increased in this patient population (study group) in comparison with women with normal reproductive function (reference group). The two groups differed by the level of activation of respiratory burst induced by opsonized zymosan and by activity of isolated granulocytes in response to chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (1-50 μM). Differences in the effects of inhibitor of tyrosine protein kinases and protein phosphatases and inhibitor of mitogen-activated proteinkinase p38 MAPK were detected. The results attest to predisposition to oxidative stress and poor cytotoxic functions of granulocytes in women with habitual abortions, which can be due to specific features of regulation of oxidase activity by tyrosine protein kinases and protein phosphatases and by p38 MAPK.
30 citations
TL;DR: According to biomicroscopy findings, predominant forms of cataract are vesicular, annular, and dendritic, located in the cortical layer and/or nucleus of the lens.
Abstract: Changes in the lens appear by the age of 2 months in early aging OXYS rats, at the age of 6 months these changes are detected in 100% animals, and by 12 months both eyes are involved. According to biomicroscopy findings, predominant forms of cataract are vesicular, annular, and dendritic, located in the cortical layer and/or nucleus of the lens. Light and electron microscopy showed morphological changes involving all structural components of the lens: epithelial degeneration progressing with age, deformation of fiber architectonics, and appearance of uneven condensations. Cataract in OXYS rats corresponds to senile cataract, which makes this rat strain a unique model for studies of the pathogenesis of involutive cataract and elaboration of methods for its prevention and correction.
30 citations
TL;DR: Study of polymorphism in MDR1 gene exons 21 and 26 revealed that T2677T and T3435T alleles are not a factor predisposing to lymphoproliferative diseases, but they determine the efficiency chemotherapy.
Abstract: Study of polymorphism in MDR1 gene exons 21 and 26 revealed that T2677T and T3435T alleles are not a factor predisposing to lymphoproliferative diseases, but they determine the efficiency chemotherapy. Individuals with T2677T and T3435T haplotypes are at highest risk of drug resistance. Association between genotypes G2677T and C3435T was detected in normal subjects and in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases.
29 citations
TL;DR: The cytotoxicity of four aminoglycoside antibiotics was studied by estimation of the dose-effect relationship using a panel cellular biotest system including cell cultures for test objects to quantify the effects of bioactive substances with similar chemical structure.
Abstract: The cytotoxicity of four aminoglycoside antibiotics was studied by estimation of the dose-effect relationship using a panel cellular biotest system including cell cultures for test objects. The cultures represented 4 differentiation types: normal human fibroblasts and myoblasts, human or Syrian hamster hepatoma cells, and mouse/mouse hybridoma cells. It was found that three widely used antibiotics gentamicin, kanamycin, and neomycin exhibit similar, but not identical cytotoxicity parameters and differ distinctly from geneticin. Hence, the proposed panel biotest system helps to quantitatively evaluate and differentiate the effects of bioactive substances with similar chemical structure.
26 citations
TL;DR: Low concentrations of N-methyl-D-aspartate, an agonist of specific receptors of brain glutamatergic systems, promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in the whole blood and in lymphocyte fraction.
Abstract: Low concentrations (<20 μM) of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), an agonist of specific receptors of brain glutamatergic systems, promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in the whole blood and in lymphocyte fraction. Further increase in NMDA concentrations led to progressive increase in ROS content in the whole blood, but to its decrease in lymphocyte suspension. The activating effect of NMDA is abolished by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (5 mM) and NMDA-type glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801 (5 μM). Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 1 μM) also increased ROS content in the examined structures. This effect was antagonized by N-acetylcysteine, but not MK-801.
26 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that clinical manifestation of the mutation depends on genotypical factors other than the position of this mutation in BRCA1 gene, and prompt screening for hereditary predisposition to these diseases.
Abstract: The 5382insC mutation predominated (94%) in the spectrum of detected mutations of BRCA1 gene. High incidence of this mutation in familial breast cancer detected for the first time attested to origination of 5382insC mutation from the European part of Russia. The percentage of families with mutations in BRCA1 gene and familial predisposition to ovarian cancer was significantly higher than in hereditary predisposition to breast cancer (p<0.007). These data suggest that clinical manifestation of the mutation depends on genotypical factors other than the position of this mutation in BRCA1 gene. The results prompt screening for hereditary predisposition to these diseases.
TL;DR: The results show that overexpression of Flk-1 on breast cancer cells in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a poor prognosis, and by contrast, overexpressive of Flt-1 improves survival.
Abstract: We studied expression of Flt-1 and Flk-1 receptors on tumor cells obtained from 83 patients with locally advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mean period of observations was 32.3 months. The median recurrence-free survival periods for Flt-1+ and Flt-1- patients were 55 and 32 months, respectively (p=0.0064). The overall survival periods for Flt-1- and Flt-1+ patients were 45 and 67.6 months, respectively (p=0.014). The mean recurrence-free survival periods for Flk-1+ and Flk-1- patients were 40.8 and 60.9 months, respectively (p=0.035). Expression of VEGF had no prognostic value. Our results show that overexpression of Flk-1 on breast cancer cells in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a poor prognosis. By contrast, overexpression of Flt-1 improves survival.
TL;DR: The prevalence of GSTP 1-Ile105 and GSTP1-Val105 alleles in patients with bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis and healthy children of 2 groups (randomized and nonatopic control) is determined and both homozygotes are at high risk of developing atopy dermatitis.
Abstract: We determined the prevalence of GSTP1-Ile105 and GSTP1-Val105 alleles in patients with bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis and healthy children of 2 groups (randomized and nonatopic control). The GSTP1-Ile105/Val105 genotype determines the resistance to atopic dermatitis (odds ratio=0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.28-0.92; p=0.023). However, both homozygotes are at high risk of developing atopic dermatitis (near-significant differences).
TL;DR: It was found that antibodies to angiotensin II and its receptor in ultralow doses markedly reduced systolic blood pressure, which was reproducible after repeated treatment.
Abstract: Hypotensive activity of ultralow doses of antibodies to some endogenous substances involved in the regulation of vascular tone was studied on NISAG rats with hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension. It was found that antibodies to angiotensin II and its receptor in ultralow doses markedly reduced systolic blood pressure, which was reproducible after repeated treatment. The course of peroral treatment with antibodies to endothelin and endothelial NO synthase in ultralow doses did not decrease systolic blood pressure.
TL;DR: Administration of carnosine preventing Cu,Zn-SOD inactivation reduced mortality in rats and prolonged average life span in SAMP-mice.
Abstract: Natural hydrophilic antioxidant carnosine protects cerebral cytosolic Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) under conditions of oxidative stress in various in vivo models: short-term hypobaric hypoxia in rats and accumulation of age-related changes in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP). Administration of carnosine preventing Cu,Zn-SOD inactivation reduced mortality in rats and prolonged average life span in SAMP-mice.
TL;DR: The frequency of individual genotypes GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 and haplotypes was determined in patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy children and the actual frequency was far below the theoretical value.
Abstract: The frequency of individual genotypes GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 and haplotypes was determined in patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy children. The actual frequency of some haplotypes was far below the theoretical value. Some haplotypes were associated with predisposition and resistance to atopic dermatitis.
TL;DR: Antibodies to histamine markedly decreased aggressiveness of the gastric juice and produced a considerable antiulcer effect in rats with gastric ulcers induced by various factors.
Abstract: Ultralow doses of antibodies to histamine produced a considerable antiulcer effect in rats with gastric ulcers induced by various factors. Antibodies to histamine markedly decreased aggressiveness of the gastric juice.
TL;DR: Steroid regulation of proliferative activity in the myoma nodes in the the secretory phase through modulation of the content of progesterone receptors is hypothesized.
Abstract: We compared proliferative activity and levels of steroid receptors in the myometrium and myoma nodes in patients with uterine myoma in different phases of menstrual cycle. Maximum proliferative activity was observed at the periphery of myoma nodes in the the secretory phase of the cycle. The content of progesterone receptors at the periphery and in the center of myoma nodes was lower in the proliferative phase of the cycle than in the secretory phase. Steroid regulation of proliferative activity in the myoma nodes in the the secretory phase through modulation of the content of progesterone receptors is hypothesized.
TL;DR: Facilitation of long-term posttetanic potentiation in mossy fibers of the hippocampus in rats with chronic morphine dependence can be reproduced in hippocampal slices from normal animals treated with antibodies to morphine, confirming the possibility of using ultralow doses of antibody to morphine for therapeutic correction of mechanisms underlying the formation of drug abuse.
Abstract: Antibodies to morphine produced after its chronic administration can contribute to changes in the central nervous system during opiate abuse. Facilitation of long-term posttetanic potentiation in mossy fibers of the hippocampus in rats with chronic morphine dependence can be reproduced in hippocampal slices from normal animals treated with antibodies to morphine. Incubation of hippocampal slices with ultralow doses of antibodies to morphine had no effect on control rats, but reduced facilitation of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices from animals with chronic morphine dependence. This confirms the possibility of using ultralow doses of antibodies to morphine for therapeutic correction of mechanisms underlying the formation of drug abuse.
TL;DR: Addition of flavonoids into fodder led to moderate, statistically significant, and similar increase in the resistance of rat liver microsomes to ex vivo induced lipid peroxidation.
Abstract: Incubation of rat liver microsomes with preparations of grape flavonoids, dihydroquercetin, and silibinin increased their resistance to lipid peroxidation induced by NADPH-Fe2++. This was manifested in less pronounced accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and changes in activity of microsomal enzymes induced by lipid peroxidation. In vitro antioxidant activity of grape flavonoids markedly surpassed that of dihydroquercetin and silibinin. Addition of flavonoids into fodder led to moderate, statistically significant, and similar increase in the resistance of rat liver microsomes to ex vivo induced lipid peroxidation.
TL;DR: Single and course administration of ultralow doses of antibodies γ-interferon did not increase the incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities in bone marrow cells from BALB/c mice and produced no genotoxic effect on Drosophila melanogaster wing cells in the test of somatic mosaicism.
Abstract: Single and course administration of ultralow doses of antibodies γ-interferon did not increase the incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities in bone marrow cells from BALB/c mice and produced no genotoxic effect on Drosophila melanogaster wing cells in the test of somatic mosaicism.
TL;DR: Proproten-100 has psychotropic properties and holds much promise for long-term treatment of patients with alcohol dependence to reduce the incidence of recurrences and cause side effect or development of tolerance.
Abstract: An open comparative clinical study evaluated the efficiency of Proproten-100 in reliving affective, somatovegetative, behavioral, and cognitive post-withdrawal disorders and manifestations of primary pathological alcohol addiction in patients with alcohol dependence in the stage of therapeutic remission. We compared the efficiency of Proproten-100 and standard symptomatic drugs. The preparation possessed anxiolytic, antidepressant, and vegetostabilizing properties, produced a moderate soporific effect, and had no sedative activity in patients with dysphoric depressions and psychopathic disorders. Proproten-100 was more effective during the therapy of patients with anxious and wistful depressions. Proproten-100 increased the contents of IgG and natural antibodies against S100 protein in the blood from patients. The preparation did not cause side effect or development of tolerance. Proproten-100 has psychotropic properties and holds much promise for long-term treatment of patients with alcohol dependence to reduce the incidence of recurrences.
TL;DR: Asymmetry of cellular immunity is determined by functional asymmetry of cells in regional lymph nodes, not brain hemispheres, the authors concluded.
Abstract: The intensity of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in the left and right paws was studied in mice divided into left- and right-pawed by the motor asymmetry of the brain. The reaction was more pronounced in the left paw in all animals irrespective of motor asymmetry. Motor asymmetry of the brain hemispheres little contributed to the manifestation of differences in the delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in the left and right paws. The authors concluded that asymmetry of cellular immunity is determined by functional asymmetry of cells in regional lymph nodes.
TL;DR: The results indicate that deviations in cognitive and emotional spheres of OXYS rats develop against the background of LPO activation in brain structures critical for training and memory, which indicates their relationship with oxidative stress.
Abstract: We analyzed the content of LPO products in various brain areas of Wistar and OXYS rats characterized by early appearance of changes in the emotional and cognitive spheres typical of aging. Marked differences between brain regions were found in both strains, but were more pronounced in Wistar rats. The content of LPO products in OXYS rats was higher in the midbrain, hippocampus, nuclei accumbens and striatum at the age of 2 months and in the midbrain, hippocampus, and nuclei accumbens at the age of 18 months. At the age of 18 months the content of LPO products was higher than at the age of 2 months in the amygdala and nuclei abbumbens of Wistar rats and in the nuclei accumbens and midbrain of OXYS rats, while in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of both rat strains and in the striatum of OXYS rats the content of LPO products at the age of 18 months was lower than at the age of 2 months. These results indicate that deviations in cognitive and emotional spheres of OXYS rats develop against the background of LPO activation in brain structures critical for training and memory, which indicates their relationship with oxidative stress.
TL;DR: Oral treatment with lycopene in doses of 10 or 50 mg/kg for 2 weeks led to accumulation of lycopenes in the liver, liver microsomes, and blood plasma, increased total plasma antioxidant activity, inhibited LPO in the Liver, and decreased solubilization of lysosomal enzymes.
Abstract: Oral treatment with lycopene (per os) in doses of 10 or 50 mg/kg for 2 weeks led to accumulation of lycopene in the liver, liver microsomes, and blood plasma, increased total plasma antioxidant activity, inhibited LPO in the liver, and decreased solubilization of lysosomal enzymes. Lycopene had no effect on ex vivo resistance of liver microsomes to LPO and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver.
TL;DR: Social isolation modulates sensitivity to psychoactive substances: it potentiated the depressive and analgesic effects of morphine, but attenuated the activating and anxiogenic effects of caffeine.
Abstract: Social isolation is a stress factor increasing animal anxiety and impairing food-reinforced instrumental learning. Social isolation modulates sensitivity to psychoactive substances: it potentiated the depressive and analgesic effects of morphine, but attenuated the activating and anxiogenic effects of caffeine. These behavioral changes and changes in sensitivity to psychoactive agents can be explained by a well-known phenomenon of activation of the endogenous opioid system during stress.
TL;DR: A permanent decrease in the number of blood lymphocytes, increase in neutrophil count, reduced activity of macrophages, early involution of the thymus and spleen, and suppression of antibody production are observed in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus.
Abstract: Morphofunctional immune disorders were revealed in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus during ontogeny. We observed a permanent decrease in the number of blood lymphocytes, increase in neutrophil count, reduced activity of macrophages, early involution of the thymus and spleen, and suppression of antibody production. These changes reflect impaired general resistance of these animals.
TL;DR: The effect of insulin on H2O2 generation by mitochondria in rat liver and heart was studied via short-term activation of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and insulin decreased the Michaelis-Menten constant and increased the maximum rate of H2 O2 generation compared to the control.
Abstract: We studied the effect of insulin on H2O2 generation by mitochondria in rat liver and heart. Insulin markedly increased the rate of H2O2 generation, which was realized via short-term activation of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase. In terms of the Michaelis-Menten equation describing the dependence of H2O2 generation by mitochondria on succinate concentration (succinate dehydrogenase substrate), insulin decreased the Michaelis-Menten constant and increased the maximum rate of H2O2 generation compared to the control.
TL;DR: Neutrophils retained the ability to engulf microbes, but their digestive activity decreased at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease, and at the late stage there was a decrease in the count of phagocytizing neutrophils, reduction of myeloperoxidase activity, and increase in the content of cationic proteins.
Abstract: Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils underwent phase changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neutrophils retained the ability to engulf microbes, but their digestive activity decreased at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. At the late stage we observed a decrease in the count of phagocytizing neutrophils, reduction of myeloperoxidase activity, and increase in the content of cationic proteins.
TL;DR: Modern notions about the structure and functions of Ah-receptor are reviewed, including various flavonoids and resveratrol, which are related to dioxin and related biphenyls.
Abstract: In 2002 FAO and WHO published a joint appeal to state and public organizations and scientific community to take every effort to control the contents of dioxin and related biphenyls in the environment and food products. The toxic effects of dioxin are realized via its interaction with the Ah-receptor. Here we reviewed modern notions about the structure and functions of Ah-receptor. Particular attention was given to antagonists and agonists of the Ah-receptor, including various flavonoids and resveratrol.