Showing papers in "Iranian Journal of Radiology in 2011"

Body Packing and Its Radiologic Manifestations: A Review Article

Abstract: Body packing is described as using the abdominal or pelvic cavity for concealing illegal drugs. Leakage from the packets may cause catastrophic effects on smugglers and medical history is not reliable in these patients. Moreover, new sophisticated smuggling techniques make it imperative that radiologists and emergency physicians understand and familiarize themselves with the different radiological manifestations of ingested drug packets. Currently, there is no gold standard for imaging patients suspected of body packing; nevertheless, computed tomography (CT) seems to be the best modality for packet detection and unenhanced CT without bowel preparation is a reliable technique for detection of ingested packets. On abdominal radiography, packets may be visualized as oval or round radiopaque foreign bodies surrounded by a gas halo. In the literature, sensitivity of abdominal radiography is reported from 74% to 100%. Visualization of the drug packets may be strikingly hampered by administration of oral or intravenous contrast medium in abdomino-pelvic CT; hence, contrast-enhanced CT does not seem to be a suitable modality for searching the ingested packets in suspicious smugglers.

Relationship Among Panoramic Radiography Findings, Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and Hip BMD in the Diagnosis of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

Abstract: Background/Objective Recent investigations have shown that panoramic radiography might be a useful tool in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. In addition, bone turnover biochemical markers might be valuable in predicting osteoporosis and fracture risks in the elderly, especially in post-menopausal women. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship among the radiomorphometric indices of the mandible, biochemical markers of the bone turnover and hip BMD in a group of post-menopausal women.

Association between portal vein color Doppler findings and the severity of disease in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.

Abstract: Background Doppler ultrasound is the accepted gold standard for assessing direction of flow in the portal vein (PV). Moreover, it is non-invasive; therefore, it is well accepted by the patients and does not interfere with flow hemodynamics.

Radiological Features of Osteoid Osteoma: Pictorial Review

Abstract: Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor of undetermined etiology, composed of a central zone named nidus which is an atypical bone completely enclosed within a wellvascularized stroma and a peripheral sclerotic reaction zone. There are three types of radiographic features: cortical, medullary and subperiosteal. Forty-four patients with osteoid osteoma were studied retrospectively. In plain films, 35 patients presented as the cortical type, six cases were located in the medullary zone and three had subperiosteal osteoid osteoma. In all the cases, the nidus was visualized on computed tomography (CT) scan. The nidus was visible in four out of five patients who had also undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Double-density sign, seen on radionuclide bone scans was positive in all patients. MRI is more sensitive in the diagnosis of bone marrow and soft tissue abnormalities adjacent to the lesion, and in the nidus that is located closer to the medullary zone. On the other hand, CT is more specific when it comes to detecting the lesion’s nidus.

Uterine segmentation and volume measurement in uterine fibroid patients' MRI using fuzzy C-mean algorithm and morphological operations.

Abstract: Background Uterine fibroids are common benign tumors of the female pelvis. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is an effective treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids by shrinkage of the size of these tumors. Segmentation of the uterine region is essential for an accurate treatment strategy. Objectives In this paper, we will introduce a new method for uterine segmentation in T1W and enhanced T1W magnetic resonance (MR) images in a group of fibroid patients candidated for UAE in order to make a reliable tool for uterine volumetry. Patients and methods Uterine was initially segmented using Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) method in T1W-enhanced images and some morphological operations were then applied to refine the initial segmentation. Finally redundant parts were removed by masking the segmented region in T1W-enhanced image over the registered T1W image and using histogram thresholding. This method was evaluated using a dataset with ten patients' images (sagittal, axial and coronal views). Results We compared manually segmented images with the output of our system and obtained a mean similarity of 80%, mean sensitivity of 75.32% and a mean specificity of 89.5%. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the areas measured by the manual method and the automated method was 0.99. Conclusions The quantitative results illustrate good performance of this method. By uterine segmentation, fibroids in the uterine may be segmented and their properties may be analyzed.

Right-sided Aortic Arch with Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery from Kommerell's Diverticulum.

Abstract: A previously healthy 52-year-old man had a chest radiograph for medical check-up and found to have a right-sided aortic arch. Computed tomography of the thorax revealed a right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery originated from Kommerell’s diverticulum. Barium swallow examination showed compression of the posterior wall of the esophagus. He was asymptomatic and no surgical intervention was performed.

Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation: Nora's Lesion.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to review the imaging and anatomopathologic findings and to discuss the main differential diagnosis of bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) or Nora's lesion, a rare benign surface lesion of the bone. Histologically confirmed plain radiographs, ultrasound, CT and MRI images of four patients with BPOP were obtained and retrospectively reviewed. Three cases involving the hand and one involving the foot are reported. On plain radiographs, BPOP is a wellmarginated, calcified or ossified mass arising directly from the cortical surface of the underlying bone. Ultrasound images show a low echoic peripheral cap around the lesion. CT images show the wide base of the lesion. On MRI, BPOP was of a low signal on T1, enhancing following gadolinium administration. Underlying bone and adjacent surrounding soft tissues were normal.

Breast Hamartoma: Mammographic Findings

Abstract: Dear Editor, Breast hamartoma is an uncommon, benign, slow-growing lesion found in all age groups after puberty. This pathological entity has a reported incidence of 1.2% of benign lesions and 4-8% of benign breast tumors in women [1][2]. It appears that with the increasing use of breast screening more hamartomas are likely to be identified. This rare pathological entity consists of a well-circumscribed, benign tumor, composed of variable amounts of fat, fibrous and glandular tissue that may contain various benign changes such as fibrocystic changes. Breast hamartomas usually present as painless mobile breast lumps in middle-aged women. Up to 60% of these benign breast lesions are soft and non-palpable [2]. The various amount of fat and fibrous tissue within the breast hamartomas results in different mammographic appearances. The characteristic mammographic features of hamartoma are that of a nonhomogeneous compressible mass with dense nodules of fibrous connective tissue interchanged by a thin radioopaque pseudocapsule. The pseudocapsule results from displacement of breast parenchyma by the tumor [3][4]. Hamartomas that contain predominantly fibrous tissue appear uniformly dense. In these patients, hamartomas can not be differentiated from fibroadenomas that generally have glandular homogeneous density within a thin halo of compressed fat. Hamartomas containing predominantly fatty tissue may mimic lipoma, fat necrosis and oil cyst [4][5]. Lobulated densities that may be dispersed within the encapsulated fat, described as a “slice of salami” [3][5]. Calcification is a rare mammographic finding, but amorphous or smooth and round microcalcifications are reported. It is important to keep in mind that pleomorphic calcification, spiculated opacity or a well-demarcated dense opacity in a hamartoma are suspicious for malignancy [6][7]. Twenty-five patients with breast hamartomas were diagnosed based on mammography and pathologic findings during a ten-year period from July 1998 to July 2008. The patients’ age ranged from 28 to 60 years. Nine of the cases had non-palpable lesions as a result of their small size or consistency that was similar to that of the surrounding breast tissue. These cases were selected from the group of patients with lesions detected in the screening program. Clinically, 16 lesions were palpable masses which were well-defined and of soft consistency. All patients underwent preoperative mammography. The most common mammographic findings of the breast lesions were an oval-shaped (12/25), smooth and well-defined mass (20/25), internal fat densities (13/25) and radiolucent halos (10/25). In only 13 patients (52%) the classic mammographic appearance of breast hamartoma was seen (Figure 1 and ​and2).2). Nine of 25 patients (36%) presented a mass of mixed radiographic density of fat and soft tissue with soft tissue predominance (Figure 3) and a dense mass was seen in the remaining cases (Figure 4). We detected a benign appearing calcification mammographically in one patient, but calcification was demonstrated on histological examination in four patients. Figure 1 Mammography shows the appearance of a slice of salami. Figure 2 Mammography shows a large non-homogeneous mass. Figure 3 Mammography shows a dense mass containing fatty tissue. Figure 4 Mammography shows a uniformly dense mass. The variable amount of fat and fibrous tissue within a hamartoma may result in a wide spectrum of sonographic appearances and due to their variability the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast hamartoma has been minimal. The most common sonographic appearance is a well-circumscribed solid hypoechoic mass with non-homogeneous echogenicity and irregular hyperechoic nodules or bands between these hypoechoic areas. Hamartoma may contain echolucent areas due to homogeneous adenomatous portions surrounded by echogenicity from interfaces of fibrous and adipose tissue between the adenomatous portions [8][9]. When a mammographic round or oval mass with a heterogeneous internal density and a radiolucent halo becomes a compressible heterogeneous mass which is surrounded by an echogenic or echolucent halo on sonography, breast hamartoma may be diagnosed. Because of the lack of cytological and architectural specificity for breast hamartoma and diagnostic difficulties in the cases in which both mammographic and ultrasonographic findings are atypical, the correlation between clinical manifestation, imaging findings and histology is essential for the successful diagnosis of breast hamartoma. Hamartomas do not possess specific diagnostic histological features; therefore, pathological diagnosis is usually difficult. The presence of fibrous tissue within the lobules, or fibrous tissue and fat in the stroma with or without angiomatous changes should alert the pathologist to the possibility of hamartoma. The presence of breast lobules and ducts help to distinguish this tumor from fibroadenoma in which lobules are often absent [2][4]. As with fibroadenoma, which has a reported incidence of 0.1% for malignant changes, it is likely that carcinoma arising in a breast hamartoma is a coincidental finding. Malignancy may arise in the glandular tissue of hamartoma [7]. We did not perform histological examination in the nine cases of breast hamartoma with typical mammographic appearance. Histological examination was carried out on the other 15 cases because of the atypical appearance of a large mass in mammography, breast deformity, positive familial history for breast cancer and cancer phobia. There is no evidence of malignancy in patients with pathologically proven breast hamartoma. A lesion with characteristic morphologic appearance of hamartoma should not be recalled and excision biopsy is unnecessary in these patients. Surgical intervention should be reserved for cases found to be inconclusive after imaging modalities and core biopsy examination for patients with a large mass and breast deformity or women with cancer phobia and also for those patients who have clinical signs of a malignant lesion. The current trend of mammographic breast screening has made us aware that indeed breast hamartomas are not uncommon lesions. The mammographic appearance of breast hamartoma is variable and the classic mammographic appearance of this lesion is less common than previously reported. These tumors may go unrecognized by the pathologists if the clinical impression of a distinct breast lump or breast asymmetry and the imaging features are not taken into consideration, because pathology shows all the consistencies of the normal breast tissue.

Dual ectopic thyroid: a case report with review of literature.

Abstract: The ectopic thyroid gland is a rare entity which is mostly found along the line of descent of the thyroid gland. Most of the patients present with midline swelling and usually seek medical attention. Dual ectopic thyroid gland is even rarer. The clinical examination and different imaging modalities establish its diagnosis. Radionuclide studies are highly sensitive and specific in demonstrating the functional tissues in patients with ectopic thyroid, thereby guiding further management. The authors reported a case of ectopic thyroid gland in a girl with midline neck swelling initially, subsequently lost to follow-up. She again presented with enlarged swelling after a period of three years with dual ectopic thyroid in the neck region on thyroid scan. Thyroid scintigraphy demonstrated that progression in the size of ectopic glands was due to neglect in treatment.

Imaging findings in patients with h1n1 influenza a infection

Abstract: Background Swine influenza (H1N1) is a very contagious respiratory infection and World Health Organization (WHO) has raised the alert level to phase 6 (pandemic). The study of clinical and laboratory manifestations as well as radiologic imaging findings helps in its early diagnosis.

Comparison of different modalities for reducing childhood intussusception.

Abstract: Background/Objective: Idiopathic intussusception is an important abdominal emergency in infancy and childhood. Non operative management for treatment is firstly considered due to less invasiveness, less complications and cost effectiveness compared to surgical treatment. This study summarizes our experience in the management of intussusception in children who were referred to a children hospital. Patients and Methods: A total of 102 children who were diagnosed as having intussusception were referred to one children hospital in Tehran during a period of 10 years, from 1997 to 2007. Reductions were performed upon 57 cases by a radiologist or radiology residents, if there was no medical contraindication. We used chi-square test for analysis. Results: The success rate of reduction was eight out of 13 (61.5%) with barium, nine out of 17 (53.5%) with air and 22 out of 27 (81.5%) with saline (p value=0.116). One patient had recurrence with air reduction. Another case was complicated by peritonitis using barium enema. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the success rate of reduction and the type of reduction.

Two Huge Maxillofacial Osteoma Cases Evaluated By Computed Tomography

Abstract: Osteomas are benign osteogenic neoplasms or hamartomas with a very slow growth rate. Osteoma is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the paranasal sinuses. In the jaws, the mandible is more commonly involved than the maxilla. Osteomas may occur at any age, but most frequently are found in individuals older than 40 years. Although most osteomas are small, some may become large enough to cause severe damage, especially those that develop in the frontoethmoid region. Osteomas composed solely of compact bone are uniformly radiopaque and those containing cancellous bone show evidence of internal trabecular structure. To determine and evaluate the exact extension and internal structure of these lesions, computed tomography (CT) is a more useful imaging modality in comparison to conventional radiography. Hereby, we discuss clinical and imaging features of two osteomas (one in the ethmoid sinus and the other in the mandible) along with the main differential diagnoses and pathologic features.

Prevalence of perinatal central nervous system anomalies in East azarbaijan-iran.

Abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are the most serious congenital abnormalities. Ultrasound examination is an effective and noninvasive modality for prenatal diagnosis of these anomalies. The purpose of the current study was to determine the frequency of CNS and associated abnormalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 22500 pregnant women who were referred by obstetricians/gynecologists for routine work up of pregnancy were scanned over a period of 3 years by two expert sonologists in a referral center using high resolution ultrasound unit. RESULTS After transabdominal sonographic examination of 22500 pregnant women, 112 (0.5%) fetuses were detected with CNS anomalies, some of whom had more than one anomaly. Forty-one (37%) Chiari malformations, 26 (23%) monro and aqueductal stenosis cases, 18 (16%) anencephaly cases, nine (8%) encephaloceles, seven (6%) microcephalies, five (4%) Dandywalker syndromes, two (2%) arachnoid cysts, two (2%) agenesis of corpus callosum cases, one (1%) holoprosencephaly and one (1%) schizencephaly were reported in our study. CONCLUSION According to our results, Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus were the most prevalent anomalies of CNS congenital abnormalities in East Azarbaijan, Iran. An accurate diagnosis depends upon fetal age, amniotic fluid volume, fetal position, operator experience and careful evaluation of the associated malformations, which are often present.

The Relationship Between Cervical Column Curvature and Sagittal Position of the Jaws: Using a New Method for Evaluating Curvature

Abstract: BACKGROUND For determining the cervical column curvature, the curve fitting method is the most precise method, but using this method in clinic seems to be difficult if not possible. In this study, we used a modification of cervical column inclination angle that has been already mentioned OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the posture and curvature of the cervical column introducing a modified constructed angle in order to evaluate the cervical column curvature in a relax position in relation to the jaws sagittal position. PATIENTS AND METHODS The lateral cephalometries of patients with no anomaly were taken in the natural head position. The mean age of the patients was 13.49 years including 56 female and 44 male. Steiner and Wits analysis was used to evaluate the sagittal position of the jaws. Modified constructed CVT/HOR and OPT/HOR angles were used to evaluate the cervical column posture and curvature. Patients were classified into three groups according to the angle's classification. RESULTS The results showed a significant positive correlation between modified constructed angles and sagittal jaw relationships (P < 0.05). Besides, in class II patients, there was a significant correlation between OPT/HOR and parameters ANB and Wits (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Age could not affect the curvature and posture of the cervical column. CONCLUSIONS According to the result of this study using modified constructed angles may be a simple method for evaluation of the relation between cervical column curvature and sagittal position of the jaws. There is significant correlation between cervical column posture angles and parameters ANB and Wits in Cl. II patients.

Measurement of the corpus callosum using magnetic resonance imaging in the north of iran.

Abstract: Background: Morphometric measurements of the corpus callosum (CC) are important to have normative values according to sex, age and race/ethnicity. Objectives: This study was done to measure the size of CC and to identify its gender- and age-related differences in the North of Iran. Patients and Methods: The size of CC on midsagittal section was measured in 100 (45 males, 55 females) normal subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) admitted to the Kowsar MRI center in Gorgan–Northern Iran. Longitudinal and vertical dimensions of the CC, longitudinal and vertical lengths of the brain and the length of genu and splenium were measured. Data were analyzed by student’s unpaired t test, ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: The anteroposterior length and vertical dimension of the CC, the length of genu and splenium were larger in males than in females, but these differences were not significant. The anteroposterior and vertical lengths of the brain were significantly larger in males than in females (P < 0.05). The length of CC increased with age and regression equations for predicting age were derived from the length of the CC. There was also a positive significant correlation between the anteroposterior length of the CC and the length of the brain and vertical dimension of the CC. Conclusions: This study showed that various CC parameters vary with the values documented in the Caucasian, Indian and Japanese population.

Dizygotic twin pregnancy with a complete hydatidiform mole and a coexisting viable fetus.

Abstract: Coexistence of a viable fetus with a hydatidiform mole is a rare condition and the diagnosis is very important because of the risk of developing severe complications in pregnancy. The management of these pregnancies is optional, although accurate and great care is required to find early signs of maternal or fetal complications.Hereby we report a case of dizygotic twin pregnancy with a complete mole and coexisting fetus that resulted in a live neonate.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Panoramic Radiography in Linear Measurements of the Jaws

Abstract: Background/Objective: Panoramic radiography has a great place among imaging techniques because of its enormous advantages. One of the characteristics of an ideal imaging technique is to supply precise measurement. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements of the jaws on panoramic radiographs. Patients and Methods: In this study, the vertical distances between the metal markers were measured by panoramic radiography in seven sites of two skulls in various head positions. Then the radiographic measurements were compared with the actual values. Results: Eighty three percent of the measurements were underestimated, 8.5% were overestimated on panoramic radiography and 8.5% of the measurements had no difference with the real measurements. Overestimation was not greater than 1 mm. The difference between actual and radiographic measurements was less in the posterior areas and in the mandible . In all head positions, the greatest difference between actual and radiographic measurements occurred in the anterior area. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, linear measurements on panoramic radiography are more reliable in the posterior areas and may be used in early clinical measurements.

The “Penumbra Sign” on Magnetic Resonance Images of Brodie’s Abscess: A Case Report

Abstract: This report presents the “penumbra sign” of a Brodie’s abscess in a 69-year-old male patient. The lesion was located in the proximal metaphysis of the left tibia. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of subacute osteomyelitis. The penumbra sign on magnetic resonance (MR) images is a helpful sign for the diagnosis of Brodie’s abscess.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: report of a case and review of articles.

Abstract: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by painful swelling of muscles and connective tissue in the early years of life, consequently leading to ossification at a mean age of 4-5 years. We report FOP in a 2-year-old boy with palpable masses in the frontal and lower cervical paraspinal and left periscapular muscles.He was born with hallux valgus. Despite this hallmark, he was referred to the hospital with the primary diagnosis of hematoma, but further investigation indicated FOP. The patient was discharged from the hospital with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and education of the parents. The importance of this case was that in spite of the early occurrence of the typical presentation of FOP for more than one year and the fact that the patient's mother was a physician who had consulted with many specialists, the diagnosis had been missed.This indicates that the general physicians, radiologists and other specialists' awareness and knowledge of FOP is insufficient.

Evaluation of the distortion rate of panoramic and periapical radiographs in erupted third molar inclination.

Abstract: Background/Objective Panoramic and periapical radiographs are normally used in impacted third molar teeth surgeries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the distortion of the erupted third molar teeth on panoramic and periapical radiographs.

Hemichorea Hemiballism Syndrome: The First Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Rare Cause of Chorea

Abstract: Hemichorea-hemiballism (HCHB) syndrome, which is most commonly related to non-ketotic hyperglycemia, is a rare type of chorea. Here, we present an unusual case of HCHB syndrome who was not a known case of diabetes. This case highlights the importance of recognising underlying non-ketotic hyperglycemia, as control of hyperglycemia is helpful in the quick relief of symptoms.

Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis presenting as a mediastinal mass with Dysphagia: a case report.

Abstract: Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis is a rare disease in adults. Dysphagia as the accompanying symptom is even a rarer manifestation. Cases with esophageal symptoms may present as esophageal ulceration, mucosal or submucosal mass, fistula or sinus formation, extrinsic compression or displacement of the esophagus. Extrinsic compression may radiologically or endoscopically present as a submucosal tumor. Our case is a 30-year-old woman with dysphagia for a month. Extrinsic compression was seen endoscopically on the mid-esophagus. On thoracic CT and MRI images, a multiloculated cystic/necrotic mass 5.5×4.8×3.1 cm in size consisting of multiple septa was located subcarinally in the middle mediastinum. In Wang needle aspiration, a mucopurulaent liquid was aspirated from the subcarinal localization by bronchoscopy. Diagnostic thoracotomy was carried out because histological and bacteriological examinations were not diagnostic. It was reported as tuberculous lymphadenitis pathologically. The control thoracic CT performed after antituberculous treatment showed complete regression of the mass. We herein report a rare form of tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Giant omental lipoma in a child.

Abstract: Omental lipomas are extremely rare tumors of childhood. We report a case of solitary giant lipoma of the omentum in a child, successfully managed by complete excision, without any recurrence on follow-up study.

Imaging Features of Extra Cranial Parapharyngeal Space Meningioma: Case Report

Abstract: Parapharyngeal tumors are less common in clinical practice and are often difficult to diagnose upon clinical examination due to the anatomic complexity of the region. We report a rare case of extracranial parapharyngeal space meningioma presenting as a cervical mass with encasement of cranial nerves giving tram track appearance and features on various imaging modalities [Radiographs, Ultrasound, Computed tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)].

Polypoid Cystitis in an Adult without History of Catheterization.

Abstract: Polypoid cystitis is a benign exophytic mucosal lesion of the bladder. Differentiating it from papillary transitional cell carcinoma is difficult due to their similar characteristics. Although indwelling catheter is the main well-known cause of polypoid cystitis, some case reports unrelated to catheterization have been described. However, the radiological findings of polypoid cystitis have rarely been reported. We hereby describe polypoid cystitis in a 20-year-old man without a history of catheterization along with the computed tomographic findings.

Value of Radiodensity Determined by Enhanced Computed Tomography for the Differential Diagnosis of Lung Masses

Abstract: Background Lung masses are often difficult to differentiate when their clinical symptoms and shapes or densities on computed tomography (CT) images are similar. However, with different pathological contents, they may appear differently on plain and enhanced CT.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the clivus and its age-related changes in the bone marrow.

Abstract: Background: The clivus is a bone region between dorsum cella and foramen magnum. It can be evaluated very clearly in routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its central location. Objectives: Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the clivus and its changes according to age in a group of healthy people. Patients and Methods: The transition of clival bone marrow to fatty marrow by the increase in age is examined by MRI in 105 men and 105 women who had no clival and bone marrow pathology on MRI. The clivus/pons, clivus/CSF intensity values and clival bone marrow imaging patterns according to age groups were prospectively evaluated using a 1.5 Tesla MR device. Results: When age groups were individually compared, there were meaningful statistical differences both in men and women in terms of clivus/CSF and clivus/pons intensity ratios (both Ps < 0.05). Clivus/pons and clivus/CSF intensity ratios were found to be increased with age in all cases. The distribution of age groups according to stages in all individuals was statistically meaningful (P < 0.05). When the appearance patterns of both genders in every ten-fold age were examined, stage III bone marrow was observed more in elder ages. Conclusions: As a result, besides the fact that standard ranges determined for clivus/CSF, clivus/pons intensity ratios according to age may be used in the assessment of potential pathological cases involving bone marrow; they can also be leading in the diagnosis of bone marrow diseases when taken into consideration together with clinical and laboratory data.

Focal Amyloidosis of the Orbit Presenting as a Mass: MRI and CT Features

Abstract: Focal orbital amyloidosis is a rare entity and little is known about its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. In this case report, imaging features of a case of focal orbital amyloidosis presenting as a mass have been documented together with its histopathological findings. On MRI, a well-defined mass was seen as isointense with rectus muscle on T1-weighted images and heterogeneously hypointense on T2-weighted images. Punctuate calcifications were observed on the computerized tomography (CT) examination.

Simple Bone Cyst of the Mandible: Report of Two Cases

Abstract: Despite their names, simple bone cysts are no longer categorized as cysts since they lack an epithelial lining However, their nature remains controversial The internal structure is totally radiolucent, sometimes showing multilocular appearance, although the lesion does not contain true septa and the ridges of bone is produced by the scalloping effect We presented two cases of histopathologically confirmed simple bone cyst Radiographic features such as multilocular appearance and significant buccal and lingual expansion are not usual findings for simple bone cyst, whereas evident in our presented cases

Primary Non-Hodgkin B Cell Lymphoma in a Man

Abstract: Malignant breast lymphoma is a rare condition and primary breast lymphoma is extremely rare in the male population. We present a case of a 26-year-old man (transgender) who presented with a large palpable mass in the right breast. This mass was rapidly growing in size associated with right axillary lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound and MRI findings were consistent with BIRADS IV lesion which was suspicious of malignancy. Core biopsy was performed and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of primary non Hodgkin B cell lymphoma of the breast.