Journal ArticleDOI
A Comparison of the Hydrochloride and Carbon Dioxide Salts of Lidocaine and Prilocaine in Epidural Analgesia
TLDR
Lumbar epidural blockade has been used in a series of 659 patients to compare the analgesic properties of lidocaine and prilocaine.Abstract:
SUMMARY
Lumbar epidural blockade has been used in a series of 659 patients to compare the analgesic properties of lidocaine and prilocaine.
Solutions of both compounds were compared as hydrochloride salts in 2% and 3% concentration with and without adrenaline 1:200,000. Solutions of base, made soluble by equilibration with carbon dioxide at a pC02 of 700 mm Hg were also compared in concentrations of 1.75% for lidocaine and 1.71% for prilocaine.
Comparisons were based on measurements of latency, spread of analgesia, intensity of motor blockade and duration of analgesia.
The quality of blockade in all the test solutions was increased by the addition of 1:200,000 adrenaline. Prilocaine has a slow latency compared with lidocaine, but in plain solution its duration is longer than that of lidocaine.
The 3% hydrochloride solutions have no practical advantage over die 2% solutions for epidural blockade.
Analgesia resulting from the C02-base solutions is superior in every respect to the blockade produced by equivalent concentrations of the hydrochloride salts.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block.
Ghassan E. Kanazi,Marie T. Aouad,Samar Jabbour-Khoury,M. D. Al Jazzar,M. M. Alameddine,R. Al-Yaman,M. Bulbul,Anis Baraka +7 more
TL;DR: This study compared the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, as well as the hemodynamic changes and level of sedation, following intrathecal bupivacaine supplemented with either dexmedetomidine or clonidine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of intravenous or epidural patient-controlled analgesia in the elderly after major abdominal surgery
C. Mann,Y. Pouzeratte,G. Boccara,Christophe Peccoux,Christine Vergne,Georges Brunat,Jacques Domergue,Bertrand Millat,Pascal Colson +8 more
TL;DR: After major abdominal surgery in the elderly patient, patient-controlled analgesia, regardless of the route (epidural or parenteral), is effective and the epidural route using local anesthetics and an opioid provides better pain relief and improves mental status and bowel activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intrathecal drug spread
G. Hocking,J.A.W. Wildsmith +1 more
TL;DR: This review focuses in particular on work published in the last decade in trying to provide guidance on making spinal anaesthesia as predictable as possible.
Journal Article
Effect of dexmedetomidine added to spinal bupivacaine for urological procedures.
Mahmoud M. Al-Mustafa,Sami A. Abu-Halaweh,Abdelkarim S. Aloweidi,Mujalli Mhailan Murshidi,Bassam A. Ammari,Ziad M. Awwad,Ghazi M. Al-Edwan,Micheal A. Ramsay +7 more
TL;DR: Dexmedetomidine has a dose dependant effect on the onset and regression of sensory and motor block when used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prolongation of Isobaric Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia with Epinephrine and Clonidine for Hip Surgery in the Elderly
TL;DR: A prospective controlled study on 60 ASA class II or III patients aged 75 yr or more who were scheduled for spinal anesthesia for orlliopedic hip surgery found significant prolongation of motor block was also associated with the addition of clonidine.
References
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TL;DR: More extensive studies of internal pH are presented, finding out whether the pH difference between the inside of the fibres and their surroundings varies in the manner predicted by the Donnan equilibrium theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concentrations of lignocaine in the blood after intravenous, intramuscular epidural and endotracheal administration
TL;DR: The acute toxicity of lignocaine has been studied in man by Steinhaus and Howland, and Kimmey and Steinhaus, using the drug intravenously as an adjuvant to thiopentone and nitrous oxide anzsthesia, but these series provided no information regarding thresholds of toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spread of analgesic solutions in the epidural space and their site of action: a statistical study
TL;DR: Any study of the spread of analgesic solutions must take account of the factors which affect these structures, for the extent of neural blockade will be governed in part by the speed at which nerves are blocked, in relation to the rate with which the analgesic solution is removed from their vicinity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quality of epidural blockade i: influence of physical factors
TL;DR: The segmental spread of analgesia depended on the mass of solute injected and not on the volume, and at any given age the relationship between dose and area of segmental blockade was constant for all concentrations between 2 per cent and 5 per cent.