Journal ArticleDOI
A historical overview of steel tempering parameters
TLDR
The results of the stress relieving and tempering processes are dependent on the temperature and time of the process, which may be correlated using a parameter such as Holloman's (Holloman-Jaffe) parameter or the Larsen-Miller parameter.Abstract:
The results of the stress relieving and tempering processes are dependent on the temperature and time of the process, which may be correlated using a parameter such as Holloman's (Holloman-Jaffe) parameter or the Larsen-Miller parameter. These parameters are a measure of the thermal effect of the process on the metallurgical transformation of the steel during tempering. The processes that exhibit the same tempering parameter are expected to exhibit the same effect (such as hardness). However, these more traditional numerical expressions assume isothermal tempering processes which seldom exist in production tempering ovens due to the heat-up period prior to soakingread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Characterisation and modelling of tempering during multi-pass welding
Yongle Sun,Gideon Obasi,C.J. Hamelin,C.J. Hamelin,Anastasia Vasileiou,Thomas Flint,John Francis,Michael Smith +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a thermal-metallurgical-mechanical model was developed to simulate multi-pass welding while accounting for tempering kinetics of martensite/bainite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface layer modification charts for gear grinding
Stepan Jermolajev,Stepan Jermolajev,Ekkard Brinksmeier,Ekkard Brinksmeier,Carsten Heinzel,Carsten Heinzel +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, an approach to predict thermo-mechanically induced changes of sub-surface properties during discontinuous profile gear grinding is presented, which faces industrial boundary conditions, such as varying material stock removal as well as the drawback of possible localized thermal damage on the ground tooth flanks.
Patent
High hardness, high toughness iron-base alloys and methods for making same
TL;DR: In this article, low-alloy steels exhibiting high hardness and an advantageous level of multi-hit ballistic resistance with low or no crack propagation are presented for military armor applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Addressing H-Material Interaction in Fast Diffusion Materials-A Feasibility Study on a Complex Phase Steel.
Agustina Massone,Armin Manhard,Andreas Drexler,Christian Posch,Werner Ecker,Verena Maier-Kiener,Daniel Kiener +6 more
TL;DR: An in-situ method with plasma charging was applied to provide continuous H supply during mechanical testing in order to avoid H outgassing, resulting in consistent low H values, below the critical concentration to produce embrittlement.
Dissertation
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure ofLarge Steel Forgings for Applications in theEnergy Sector
TL;DR: In this article, a CCT diagram was constructed by means of quenching dilatometry in order to validate the microstructural changes produced during industrial quenchings, which consisted of mixtures of martensite and bainite.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of Phase Change. I General Theory
TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of phase change is developed with the experimentally supported assumptions that the new phase is nucleated by germ nuclei which already exist in the old phase, and whose number can be altered by previous treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of Phase Change. II Transformation‐Time Relations for Random Distribution of Nuclei
TL;DR: In this article, a relation between the actual transformed volume V and a related extended volume V1 ex is derived upon statistical considerations, and a rough approximation to this relation is shown to lead, under the proper conditions, to the empirical formula of Austin and Rickett.
Journal ArticleDOI
Granulation, Phase Change, and Microstructure Kinetics of Phase Change. III
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive description of the phenomena of phase change may be summarized in Phase Change, Grain Number and Microstructure Formulas or Diagrams, giving, respectively, the transformed volume, grain, and microstructure densities as a function of time, temperature, and other variables.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of phase change
TL;DR: The kinetic model for change of phases developed by M. Avrami at the end of the thirties has been used to describe the temporal behavior of phase changes as discussed by the authors.