An investigation into the reactions of biochar in soil
Stephen Joseph,Marta Camps-Arbestain,Yun Lin,Paul Munroe,C. H. Chia,James M. Hook,L. Van Zwieten,Stephen Kimber,Annette Cowie,Bhupinder Pal Singh,Johannes Lehmann,N. Foidl,Ronald J. Smernik,James E. Amonette +13 more
TLDR
In this article, a review describes the properties of biochar and suggests possible reactions that may occur after the addition of biochars to soil, including dissolution-precipitation, adsorption-desorption, acid-base, and redox reactions.Abstract:
Interactions between biochar, soil, microbes, and plant roots may occur within a short period of time after application to the soil. The extent, rates, and implications of these interactions, however, are far from understood. This review describes the properties of biochars and suggests possible reactions that may occur after the addition of biochars to soil. These include dissolution-precipitation, adsorption-desorption, acid-base, and redox reactions. Attention is given to reactions occurring within pores, and to interactions with roots, microorganisms, and soil fauna. Examination of biochars (from chicken litter, greenwaste, and paper mill sludges) weathered for 1 and 2 years in an Australian Ferrosol provides evidence for some of the mechanisms described in this review and offers an insight to reactions at a molecular scale. These interactions are biochar- and site-specific. Therefore, suitable experimental trials—combining biochar types and different pedoclimatic conditions—are needed to determine the extent to which these reactions influence the potential of biochar as a soil amendment and tool for carbon sequestration.read more
Citations
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Biochar effects on soil biota – A review
Johannes Lehmann,Matthias C. Rillig,Janice E. Thies,Caroline A. Masiello,William C. Hockaday,David E. Crowley +5 more
TL;DR: A review of the literature reveals a significant number of early studies on biochar-type materials as soil amendments either for managing pathogens, as inoculant carriers or for manipulative experiments to sorb signaling compounds or toxins as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
TL;DR: A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales as mentioned in this paper, which contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils - To mobilize or to immobilize?
Nanthi Bolan,Nanthi Bolan,Anitha Kunhikrishnan,Ramya Thangarajan,Ramya Thangarajan,Jurate Kumpiene,Jin Hee Park,Tomoyuki Makino,M. B. Kirkham,Kirk G. Scheckel +9 more
TL;DR: The remediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils through manipulating their bioavailability using a range of soil amendments will be presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of biochars’ potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils
Luke Beesley,Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez,Jose L. Gomez-Eyles,Eva Harris,Brett Robinson,Tom Sizmur +5 more
TL;DR: Specific mechanisms of contaminant-biochar retention and release over time and the environmental impact of biochar amendments on soil organisms remain somewhat unclear but must be investigated to ensure that the management of environmental pollution coincides with ecological sustainability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of pyrolysis temperature and the type of biomass on the physicochemical characteristics of biochar and its impact on soil fertility is discussed, and a review succinctly presents the impact.
References
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Book
The Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
M. H. Martin,H. Marschner +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Plant Diseases and Pests, and the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) in Relation to Mineral Nutrition.
Book
Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between mineral nutrition and plant diseases and pests, and diagnose deficiency and toxicity of mineral nutrients in leaves and other aerial parts of a plant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
TL;DR: A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales as mentioned in this paper, which contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)
TL;DR: A molecular-level assessment of the physical organization and chemical complexity of biomass-derived chars and, specifically, that of aromatic carbon in char structures suggests the existence of four distinct categories of char consisting of a unique mixture of chemical phases and physical states.
BookDOI
Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology
Johannes Lehmann,Stephen Joseph +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, Flannery presented a Biochar Classification and Test Methods for determining the quantity of Biochar within Soils and its effect on Nutrient Transformations and Nutrient Leaching.