Autism Spectrum Disorder: Defining Dimensions and Subgroups
Opal Y. Ousley,Tracy Cermak +1 more
TLDR
The history of autism is reviewed, its core defining features are described, and an overview of the clinically and etiologically relevant subgroups that add to the complexity of this condition are provided.Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder associated with the presence of social-communication deficits and restricted and repetitive behaviors In the latest conceptualization of ASD, these two behavioral dimensions represent the core defining features of ASD, whereas associated dimensions, such as intellectual and language ability, provide a means for describing the ASD heterogeneity In addition, the characterization of ASD subgroups, defined by the presence of known medical, genetic, or other psychiatric disorders, furthers our understanding of ASD heterogeneity This paper reviews the history of autism, describes its core defining features, and provides an overview of the clinically and etiologically relevant subgroups that add to the complexity of this conditionread more
Citations
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An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options
TL;DR: This review provides a broad overview of the history, prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, and heterogeneity of ASD and explores the potential of a new wave of research examining objective biomarkers to facilitate the evaluation of sub-typing, diagnosis, and treatment response in ASD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: Insights from eye tracking and electroencephalography
Melissa H. Black,Melissa H. Black,Nigel T. M. Chen,Nigel T. M. Chen,Nigel T. M. Chen,Kartik K. Iyer,Ottmar V. Lipp,Ottmar V. Lipp,Sven Bölte,Marita Falkmer,Marita Falkmer,Marita Falkmer,Tele Tan,Tele Tan,Sonya Girdler,Sonya Girdler +15 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate divergence of visual processing pathways in individuals with ASD and a need to synthesise findings in regard to the developmental stages to determine how the maturation of these systems may impact FER in ASD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autoimmunity, Autoantibodies, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the investigations implicating autoimmunity and autoantibodies in ASD and suggests that immune dysfunction is a viable risk factor contributing to the neurodevelopmental deficits observed in ASD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa
TL;DR: Elevated ASD symptoms were associated with increased alexithymia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not specific eating disorder pathology and appear to be associated with other psychiatric symptoms, which warrant further investigation and consideration in treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural Connectivity Evidence for a Categorical-Dimensional Hybrid Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
TL;DR: The findings support a hybrid model for ASD characterization that includes a combination of categorical and dimensional brain mechanisms and provide a novel understanding of the neural underpinnings of ASD.
References
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Journal Article
[Affective disorders in the fourth edition of the classification of mental disorders prepared by the American Psychiatric Association -- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders].
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Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders
TL;DR: The revised interview has been reorganized, shortened, modified to be appropriate for children with mental ages from about 18 months into adulthood and linked to ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria.
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