Journal ArticleDOI
Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries
John B. Goodenough,Youngsik Kim +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reviewed the challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and proposed a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery.Abstract:
The challenges for further development of Li rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles are reviewed. Most important is safety, which requires development of a nonflammable electrolyte with either a larger window between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or a constituent (or additive) that can develop rapidly a solid/ electrolyte-interface (SEI) layer to prevent plating of Li on a carbon anode during a fast charge of the battery. A high Li-ion conductivity (σ Li > 10 ―4 S/cm) in the electrolyte and across the electrode/ electrolyte interface is needed for a power battery. Important also is an increase in the density of the stored energy, which is the product of the voltage and capacity of reversible Li insertion/extraction into/from the electrodes. It will be difficult to design a better anode than carbon, but carbon requires formation of an SEI layer, which involves an irreversible capacity loss. The design of a cathode composed of environmentally benign, low-cost materials that has its electrochemical potential μ C well-matched to the HOMO of the electrolyte and allows access to two Li atoms per transition-metal cation would increase the energy density, but it is a daunting challenge. Two redox couples can be accessed where the cation redox couples are "pinned" at the top of the O 2p bands, but to take advantage of this possibility, it must be realized in a framework structure that can accept more than one Li atom per transition-metal cation. Moreover, such a situation represents an intrinsic voltage limit of the cathode, and matching this limit to the HOMO of the electrolyte requires the ability to tune the intrinsic voltage limit. Finally, the chemical compatibility in the battery must allow a long service life.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices
TL;DR: The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid
Zhenguo Yang,Jianlu Zhang,Michael Kintner-Meyer,Xiaochuan Lu,Daiwon Choi,John P. Lemmon,Jun Liu +6 more
TL;DR: This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions, that are expected to integrate significant levels of renewables into the electrical grid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review.
TL;DR: This review presents a comprehensive overview of the lithium metal anode and its dendritic lithium growth, summarizing the theoretical and experimental achievements and endeavors to realize the practical applications of lithium metal batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries.
References
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TL;DR: This review describes some recent developments in the discovery of nanoelectrolytes and nanoeLECTrodes for lithium batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors and the advantages and disadvantages of the nanoscale in materials design for such devices.
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Phospho‐olivines as Positive‐Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
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High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires
Candace K. Chan,Hailin Peng,Gao Liu,Kevin McIlwrath,Xiao Feng Zhang,Robert A. Huggins,Yi Cui +6 more
TL;DR: The theoretical charge capacity for silicon nanowire battery electrodes is achieved and maintained a discharge capacity close to 75% of this maximum, with little fading during cycling.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The phytochemical properties of Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate and its Derivatives are as follows: 2.2.1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanomaterials for rechargeable lithium batteries
TL;DR: Some of the recent scientific advances in nanomaterials, and especially in nanostructured materials, for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are reviewed.