Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnosis and phenotypic classification of Wilson disease
Peter Ferenci,Karel Caca,Georgios Loudianos,G Mieli-Vergani,Stuart Tanner,Irmin Sternlieb,Michael L. Schilsky,Diane W. Cox,Frieder Berr +8 more
TLDR
The Wilson disease gene ATP7B encodes a P‐type ATPase, an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of hepatic copper metabolism leading to copper accumulation in hepatocytes and in extrahepatic organs such as the brain and the cornea.Abstract:
Wilson disease is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of hepatic copper metabolism leading to copper accumulation in hepatocytes and in extrahepatic organs such as the brain and the cornea. Originally Wilson disease was described as a neurodegerative disorder associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Later, Wilson disease was observed in children and adolescents presenting with acute or chronic liver disease without any neurologic symptoms. While diagnosis of neurologic Wilson disease is straightforward, it may be quite difficult in non-neurologic cases. Up to now, no single diagnostic test can exclude or confirm Wilson disease with 100% certainty. In 1993, the gene responsible for Wilson disease was cloned and localized on chromosome 13q14.3 (MIM277900) (1, 2). The Wilson disease gene ATP7B encodes a P-type ATPase. More than 200 disease causing mutations of this gene have been described so far (3). Most of these mutations occur in single families, only a few are more frequent (like H1069Q, 3400delC and 2299insC in Caucasian (4-6) or R778L in Japanese (7), Chinese and Korean patients). Studies of phenotype-genotype relations are hampered by the lack of standard diagnostic criteria and phenotypic classifications. To overcome this problem, a working party discussed these problems in depth at the 8th International Meeting on Wilson disease and Menkes disease in Leipzig/Germany (April 16-18, 2001). After the meeting, a preliminary draft of a consensus report was mailed to all active participants and their comments were incorporated in the final text.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians
TL;DR: In this review, a schematic approach is used that classifies enzyme alterations as predominantly hepatocellular or predominantly cholestatic, and abnormal enzymatic activity within the 2 subgroups are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wilson's Disease
TL;DR: The discovery of the Wilson's disease gene has opened up a new molecular diagnostic approach, and could form the basis of future gene therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnosis and treatment of Wilson disease: an update.
TL;DR: Intended for use by physicians, these recommendations suggest preferred approaches to the diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive aspects of care are intended to be flexible, in contrast to standards of care, which are inflexible policies to be followed in every case.
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Wilson's disease
Peter Ferenci,Anna Członkowska,Wolfgang Stremmel,Roderick H. J. Houwen,William Rosenberg,Michael L. Schilsky,P Jansen,Darius Moradpour,J D Gitlin +8 more
TL;DR: There is not a single randomized controlled trial conducted in Wilson's disease which has an optimal design so it is impossible to assign a high or even a moderate quality of evidence to any of the questions dealt with in these guidelines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Function and Regulation of Human Copper-Transporting ATPases
TL;DR: Current data on the structural organization and functional properties of ATP7A and ATP7B as well as their localization and functions in various tissues are summarized, and the current models of regulated trafficking of human Cu-ATPases are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Wilson disease gene is a putative copper transporting P–type ATPase similar to the Menkes gene
TL;DR: It is shown that this sequence forms part of a P–type ATPase gene (referred to here as Wc1) that is very similar to MNK, with six putative metal binding regions similar to those found in prokaryotic heavy metal transporters.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Wilson disease gene is a copper transporting ATPase with homology to the Menkes disease gene.
Rudolph E. Tanzi,Konstantin Petrukhin,Igor P. Chernov,Jean-Luc Pellequer,Wilma Wasco,B Ross,Donna M. Romano,Enrico Parano,Lorenzo Pavone,Linda M. Brzustowicz +9 more
TL;DR: The predicted functional properties of the pWD gene together with its strong homology to Mc1, genetic mapping data and identification of four independent disease–specific mutations, provide convincing evidence that pWD is the Wilson disease gene.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Wilson disease gene: spectrum of mutations and their consequences
TL;DR: These findings suggest a wider spectrum of age of onset than is considered typical of Wilson disease: mutations that completely disrupt the gene can produce liver disease in early childhood when Wilson disease may not typically considered in the differential diagnosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wilson's disease in patients presenting with liver disease: A diagnostic challenge
P. Steindl,Peter Ferenci,H P Dienes,Georg Grimm,Ingrid Pabinger,Christian Madl,Theresia Maier-Dobersberger,A. M. Herneth,Brigitte Dragosics,Siegfried Meryn,P. Knoflach,G Granditsch,Alfred Gangl +12 more
TL;DR: The commonly used clinical and laboratory parameters are not sufficient to exclude the diagnosis of Wilson's disease in patients with liver disease of unknown origin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of the Wilson disease gene encoding a P-type copper transporting ATPase: genomic organization, alternative splicing, and structure/function predictions
Konstantin Petrukhin,Svetiana Lutsenko,Igor P. Chernov,Barbara Ross,Jack H. Kaplan,T. Conrad Gilliam +5 more
TL;DR: It appears that the mechanism of alternative splicing serves to regulate the amount of functional WD protein produced in brain, kidney, placenta, and possibly in liver.