Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Response of Chimpanzees and Cercopithecines to Seasonal Variation in Fruit Abundance. II. Macronutrients
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The chimpanzee diet is of higher quality, particularly of lower fiber content, than expected on the basis of their body size, compared with the diets of the 4 frugivores, considering the substantial differences in body size.Abstract:
In a continuation of our study of dietary differentiation among frugivorous primates with simple stomachs, we present the first comparison of differences in dietary macronutrient content between chimpanzees and cercopithecine monkeys Previously we have shown that chimpanzee and monkey diets differ markedly in plant part and species content We now examine whether this diet diversity is reflected in markedly different dietary macronutrient levels or the different feeding strategies yield the same macronutrient levels in their diets For each primate group we calculated the total weighted mean dietary content of 4 macronutrients: crude lipid (lipid), crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) We also calculated 4 fiber fractions: neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), which includes the subfractions hemicellulose (HC), cellulose (Cs), and sulfuric acid lignin (Ls) The HC and Cs are potentially fermentable fibers and would contribute to the energy provided by plant food, depending on the hind gut fermenting capacity of the individual primate species The chimpanzee diet contained higher levels of WSC and TNC because during times of fruit abundance the chimpanzees took special advantage of ripe fruit, while the monkeys did not The monkey diets contained higher levels of CP because the monkeys consumed a constant amount of leaf throughout the year All four primate species consumed diets with similar NDF levels However, the chimpanzees also took advantage of periods of ripe fruit abundance to decrease their Ls levels and to increase their HC levels Conversely, the monkey diets maintained constant levels of the different fiber fractions thoughout the year Nevertheless, despite these differences, the diets of the 4 frugivores were surprisingly similar, considering the substantial differences in body size We conclude that the chimpanzee diet is of higher quality, particularly of lower fiber content, than expected on the basis of their body sizeread more
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A theory of human life history evolution: Diet, intelligence, and longevity
Hillard Kaplan,Hillard Kaplan,Kim Hill,Kim Hill,Jane B. Lancaster,Jane B. Lancaster,A. Magdalena Hurtado,A. Magdalena Hurtado +7 more
TL;DR: A theory is proposed that unites and organizes observations and generates many theoretical and empirical predictions that can be tested in future research by comparative biologists, archeologists, paleontologists, biological anthropologists, demographers, geneticists, and cultural anthropologists.
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The Raw and the Stolen. Cooking and the Ecology of Human Origins.
TL;DR: It is suggested that cooking was responsible for the evolution of the unusual human social system in which pair bonds are embedded within multifemale, multimale communities and supported by strong mutual and frequently conflicting sexual interest.
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Evolution of coalitionary killing.
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Dental microwear texture analysis shows within-species diet variability in fossil hominins
Robert S. Scott,Peter S. Ungar,Torbjorn S. Bergstrom,Christopher A. Brown,Frederick E. Grine,Mark F. Teaford,Alan Walker +6 more
TL;DR: Results for living primates show that this approach can distinguish among diets characterized by different fracture properties, and microwear texture analysis indicates that Australopithecus africanus microwear is more anisotropic, but also more variable in anisotropy than Paranthropus robustus.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of residues in foods, including poisons, poisons and feed additives in animal tissues, as well as their applications in food processing and in the field of agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis: The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution
Lloyd Paul Aiello,P.E. Wheeler +1 more
TL;DR: Les tissus du cerveau sont une extension metabollique, mais il n'existe pas de correlation significative entre le taux metabolique relatif de base and the taille relative du taille chez les humains et autres mammiferes a encephale.