Direct potable reuse: a future imperative
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TLDR
Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) as discussed by the authors has been proposed as a solution to the problem of water reuse in the existing water distribution system and has been shown to be effective in supplementing municipal water supplies.Abstract:
As a result of population growth, urbanization, and climate change, public water supplies are becoming stressed, and the chances of tapping new water supplies for metropolitan areas are getting more difficult, if not impossible. As a consequence, existing water supplies must go further. One way to achieve this objective is by increased water reuse, particularly in supplementing municipal water supplies. Although water reuse offers many opportunities it also involves a number of problems. A significant cost for nonpotable water reuse in urban areas is associated with the need to provide separate piping and storage systems for reclaimed water. In most situations, the cost of a dual distribution system has been prohibitive and thus, has limited implementation for water reuse programs. The solution to the problem of distribution is to implement direct potable reuse (DPR) of purified water in the existing water distribution system. The purpose of this paper is to consider (a) a future in which DPR will be the norm and (b) the steps that will need to be taken to make this a reality. Following an overview, the rationale for DPR, some examples of DPR projects, technological and implementation issues, and future expectations are examined.read more
Citations
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Synthetic membranes for water purification : status and future
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Taking the “Waste” Out of “Wastewater” for Human Water Security and Ecosystem Sustainability
Stanley B. Grant,Stanley B. Grant,Jean-Daniel Saphores,David L. Feldman,Andrew J. Hamilton,Tim D. Fletcher,Perran L. M. Cook,Michael J. Stewardson,Brett F. Sanders,Lisa A. Levin,Richard F. Ambrose,Ana Deletic,Rebekah Ruth Brown,Sunny C. Jiang,Diego Rosso,William J. Cooper,Ivan Marusic +16 more
TL;DR: Emerging approaches for reusing wastewater and minimizing its generation make the most of scarce freshwater resources, serve the varying water needs of both developed and developing countries, and confer a variety of environmental benefits.
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Total Value of Phosphorus Recovery
Brooke K. Mayer,Lawrence A. Baker,Treavor H. Boyer,Pay Drechsel,Mac Gifford,Munir A. Hanjra,Prathap Parameswaran,Jared Stoltzfus,Paul Westerhoff,Bruce E. Rittmann +9 more
TL;DR: This article provides a comprehensive overview of the range of benefits of recovering P from waste streams, i.e., the total value of recovered P, as well as other assets that are associated with P and can be recovered in parallel, such as energy, nitrogen, metals and minerals, and water.
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Oxidation Processes in Water Treatment: Are We on Track?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a knowledge-based system to predict reaction kinetics, controlling the efficiency of the process, mechanisms of transformation product formation, extent of formation of disinfection byproducts from the matrix, and oxidation induced biological effects.
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Dissolved effluent organic matter: Characteristics and potential implications in wastewater treatment and reuse applications.
I. Michael-Kordatou,Costas Michael,Xiaodi Duan,Xuexiang He,Xuexiang He,Dionysios D. Dionysiou,Dionysios D. Dionysiou,Marc A. Mills,Despo Fatta-Kassinos +8 more
TL;DR: The literature findings reveal that dEfOM removal by advanced treatment processes depends on the type and the amount of organic compounds present in the aqueous matrix, as well as the operational parameters and the removal mechanisms taking place during the application of each treatment technology.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance.
Dana W. Kolpin,Edward T. Furlong,Michael T. Meyer,E. Michael Thurman,Steven D. Zaugg,Larry B. Barber,Herbert T. Buxton +6 more
TL;DR: The U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000 as mentioned in this paper.
OtherDOI
Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams
Herbert T. Buxton,Dana W. Kolpin +1 more
TL;DR: Results of this study demonstrate the importance of obtaining data on metabolites to fully understand not only the fate and transport of OWCs in the hydrologic system but also their ultimate overall effect on human health and the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Response to Comment on “Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999−2000: A National Reconnaissance”
Dana W. Kolpin,Edward T. Furlong,Michael T. Meyer,E. Michael Thurman,Steven D. Zaugg,Larry B. Barber,Herbert T. Buxton +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
A national reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States - I) Groundwater
Kimberlee K. Barnes,Dana W. Kolpin,Edward T. Furlong,Steven D. Zaugg,Michael T. Meyer,Larry B. Barber +5 more
TL;DR: Water samples were collected from a network of 47 groundwater sites across 18 states in 2000 and detections of some OWCs could have resulted from leaching of well-construction materials and/or other site-specific conditions related to well construction and materials.
Book
Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications
TL;DR: The Water Reuse as discussed by the authors is a collection of aplicações, tecnologias, aspectos sociais e institucionais a serem considerados em projetos de reúso de efluentes tratados.
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