Epidemiology and burden of alopecia areata: a systematic review.
TLDR
AA is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder and the second most prevalent hair loss disorder after androgenetic alopecia, and the lifetime risk in the global population is approximately 2%.Abstract:
Background Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by patches of non-scarring alopecia affecting scalp and body hair that can be psychologically devastating. AA is clinically heterogenous, and its natural history is unpredictable. There is no preventative therapy or cure. Objective The objective of this study is to provide an evidence-based systematic review on the epidemiology and the burden of AA. Methods and selection criteria A search was conducted of the published, peer-reviewed literature via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Studies published in English within the last 51 years that measured AA's incidence, prevalence, distribution, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), quality of life, and associated psychiatric and medical comorbidities were included. Two authors assessed studies and extracted the data. Results The lifetime incidence of AA is approximately 2% worldwide. Both formal population studies found no sex predominance. First onset is most common in the third and fourth decades of life but may occur at any age. An earlier age of first onset corresponds with an increased lifetime risk of extensive disease. Global DALYs for AA were calculated at 1,332,800 in 2010. AA patients are at risk for depression and anxiety, atopy, vitiligo, thyroid disease, and other autoimmune conditions. Conclusion AA is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder and the second most prevalent hair loss disorder after androgenetic alopecia, and the lifetime risk in the global population is approximately 2%. AA is associated with psychiatric and medical comorbidities including depression, anxiety, and several autoimmune disorders, and an increased global burden of disease.read more
Citations
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Iconography : Alopecia areata : An appraisal of new treatment approaches and overview of current therapies
Lauren C. Strazzulla,Eddy Hsi Chun Wang,Lorena Avila,Kristen Lo Sicco,Nooshin Brinster,Angela M. Christiano,Jerry Shapiro +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the evidence concerning the efficacy, side effects, and durability of the Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of alopecia areata.
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Alopecia areata: a review of disease pathogenesis.
TL;DR: Alopecia areata is a disorder that results in nonscarring hair loss, and the psychological impact can be significant, leading to feelings of depression and social isolation.
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Alopecia areata: A multifactorial autoimmune condition.
TL;DR: Various genetic and environmental factors that cause autoimmunity are discussed and the immune mechanisms that lead to hair loss in alopecia areata patients are described.
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Epidemiology of alopecia areata, ophiasis, totalis, and universalis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Harrison H. Lee,Eran C. Gwillim,Kevin R. Patel,Tammy Hua,Supriya Rastogi,Erin Ibler,Jonathan I. Silverberg +6 more
TL;DR: A systematic review of all published cohort and cross-sectional studies that analyzed AA and its subtypes found that AA prevalence is lower in adults than children, is increasing over time, and significantly differs by region.
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Alopecia areata: Review of epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and new treatment options
Evan Darwin,Penelope A. Hirt,Raymond M. Fertig,Brett Doliner,Gina M. DelCanto,Joaquin J. Jimenez +5 more
TL;DR: The epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and new treatment options of AA are reviewed, with a focus on the immunologic mechanism underlying the treatment.
References
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Depression and suicidal ideation in dermatology patients with acne, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
TL;DR: It is indicated that in some instances even clinically mild to moderate disease such as non‐cystic facial acne can be associated with significant depression and suicidal ideation.
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Alopecia areata is driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is reversed by JAK inhibition
Luzhou Xing,Z. Dai,Ali Jabbari,Jane E. Cerise,Claire A. Higgins,Weijuan Gong,Annemieke de Jong,Sivan Harel,Gina M. DeStefano,Lisa Rothman,Pallavi Singh,Lynn Petukhova,Julian Mackay-Wiggan,Angela M. Christiano,Raphael Clynes +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that cytotoxic CD8+NKG2D+ T cells are both necessary and sufficient for the induction of AA in mouse models of disease, suggesting the potential clinical utility of JAK inhibition in human AA.
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Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity
Lynn Petukhova,Madeleine Duvic,Maria K. Hordinsky,David A. Norris,Vera H. Price,Yutaka Shimomura,Hyunmi Kim,Pallavi Singh,Annette Lee,Wei V. Chen,K.C. Meyer,Ralf Paus,Ralf Paus,Colin A.B. Jahoda,Christopher I. Amos,Peter K. Gregersen,Angela M. Christiano +16 more
TL;DR: The genetic underpinnings of AA are defined, placing it within the context of shared pathways among autoimmune diseases, and implicating a novel disease mechanism, the upregulation of ULBP ligands, in triggering autoimmunity.
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Incidence of Alopecia Areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 Through 1989
TL;DR: This study of the incidence and natural history of AA in a community shows that this disorder is fairly common and can be seen at all ages and may evolve into severe and chronic hair loss, which may be psychosocially devastating for affected persons.
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Alopecia areata. an evaluation of 736 patients.
TL;DR: Alopecia areata has been described as associated with diseases of the endocrine glands, various tension states and emotional shock, errors of refraction, vitiligo, and neurodermatitis, and as a result of reflex irritations from focal lesions such as dental abscesses and from traumatic events.