Flying, fasting, and feeding in birds during migration: a nutritional and physiological ecology perspective
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The primary importance of fatty acids for fueling intense exercise in migratory birds is discussed, the likely limiting steps in lipid transport and oxidation for exercising birds and the ecological factors that affect the quality and quantity of fat stored in wild birds are discussed.Abstract:
Unlike exercising mammals, migratory birds fuel very high intensity exercise (e.g., flight) with fatty acids delivered from the adipose tissue to the working muscles by the circulatory system. Given the primary importance of fatty acids for fueling intense exercise, we discuss the likely limiting steps in lipid transport and oxidation for exercising birds and the ecological factors that affect the quality and quantity of fat stored in wild birds. Most stored lipids in migratory birds are comprised of three fatty acids (16:0, 18:1 and 18:2) even though migratory birds have diverse food habits. Diet selection and selective metabolism of lipids play important roles in determining the fatty acid composition of birds which, in turn, affects energetic performance during intense exercise. As such, migratory birds offer an intriguing model for studying the implications of lipid metabolism and obesity on exercise performance. We conclude with a discussion of the energetic costs of migratory flight and stopover in birds, and its implications for bird migration strategies.read more
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References
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Book ChapterDOI
Optimal Bird Migration: The Relative Importance of Time, Energy, and Safety
Thomas Alerstam,Åke Lindström +1 more
TL;DR: “Optimization is the process of minimizing costs or maximizing benefits, or obtaining the best possible compromise between the two,” (R. McNeill Alexander 1982).
Journal ArticleDOI
Bird flight performance: a practical calculation manual
TL;DR: In this article, a pre-recorded program disc fuel consumed on short and long flights, transferring the programs to other computers, entering the programs from the listings, testing and debugging the reality behind the power calculations.
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Comparative avian nutrition
TL;DR: Dietary patterns anatomy and physiology of the digestive system digestion of food nutritional strategies and adaptations nutrient requirements amino acids lipids carbohydrates energy essential minerals nutrition and metabolism of vitamins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid reversible changes in organ size as a component of adaptive behaviour
Theunis Piersma,Åke Lindström +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence is accumulating that the functional size of organs and aspects of the metabolic physiology of an individual may show great flexibility over timescales of weeks and even days depending on physiological status, environmental conditions and behavioural goals.
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