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Journal ArticleDOI

Goals and values of farmers

Ruth Gasson
- 01 Sep 1973 - 
- Vol. 24, Iss: 3, pp 521-542
TLDR
The authors explored the subject of goals and values in the farming occupation as one facet of motivation and suggested that a better understanding of motivation, taken in conjunction with information already available on material resources and constraints, could lead to a more adequate explanation and prediction of farmers' economic behaviour.
Abstract
Economic theory treats motivation as a parameter, explaining variation in economic behaviour in terms of availability of resources. This theory does not provide a wholly convincing account of farmers' actions. It is suggested that a better understanding of motivation, taken in conjunction with information already available on material resources and constraints, could lead to a more adequate explanation and prediction of farmers' economic behaviour. This paper explores the subject of goals and values in the farming occupation as one facet of motivation. Values may refer to instrumental, social, expressive or intrinsic aspects of farming and it is their ordering relative to one another which influences farmers' decisions in situations of choice. Pilot studies suggest that farmers have a predominantly intrinsic orientation to work, valuing the way of life, independence and performance of work tasks above expressive, instrumental or social aspects of their occupation. Comparing value orientations of larger with smaller farmers illustrates some implications and possible uses of this approach. Resume BUTS ET VALEURS DANS L'ACTIVITE DE L'EXPLOITANT AGRICOLE Lu theorie economique traite la motivation comme un parametre, expliquant la variation dans le comportement de l'economie en termes de disponibilite des ressources. Cette theorie ne fournit pas une information entierement convaincante sur l'activite des exploitants agricoles, Une meilleure comprehension de la motivation, utilisee en conjonction avec les donnees deja disponibles sur les ressources et contraintes materielles, pourrait conduire, selon l'argument developpe, a des explications et previsions plus rigoureuses sur le comportement economique des agriculteurs. L'auteur analyse le theme des buts et valeurs dans le metier d'exploitant agricole comme un des aspects de la motivation. Les valeurs peuvent se referer a des aspects professionnels, sociaux, expressifs ou intrinseques de l'exploitation agricole et c'est l'ordre dans lequel elles sont placees relativement les unes aux autres qui influence les decisions des agriculteurs dans les situations de choix. Les etudes pilotes convergent vers la conclusion selon laquelle les exploitants agricoles ont une orientation intrinseque predominante vers le travail, placant le style de vie, l'independance et la qualite des tâches qu'ils accomplissent au-dessus des aspects expressifs, contributifs ou sociaux de leur profession. La comparaison des orientations de valeur entre grands et petits exploitants permet de souligner certaines des implications et des utilisations possibles de cette optique. Zusammenfassung ZIELE UND WERTE DER FARMER Die wirtschaftliche Theorie behandelt die Motivation als einen Parameter, der die Veranderung im wirtschaftlichen Verhalten in Form von verfugbaren Ressourcen erklart. Diese Theorie liefert keine ganz uberzeugende Darstellung der Handlungen von Farmem. Es wird vorgeschlagen, doss ein besseres Verstandnis der Motivation, zusammen mit der Information, die schon uber Materialressourcen und uber die notwendigen Folgerungen bestehen, zu einer angemesseren Erklarung und Vorhersage der wirtschaftlichen Verhaltensweise von Farmern fuhren konnte. Dieser Artikel erforscht das Thema der Ziele und Werte in der Farmtatigkeit als einen Teil der Motivation. Werte konnen sich auf instrumental, soziale, aussere oder innere Aspekte des Farmens beziehen, und es ist ihre Anordung zueinander, die die Entscheidungen der Farmer in einer Entscheidungssituation beeinflussen. Grundstudien lassen den Schluss zu, dass Farmer eine hauptsachlich innere Ausrichtung auf ihre Arbeit haben, wobei sie den Lebensstil, die Unabhangigkeit und die Ausfuhrung ihrer Arbeitsaufgaben hoher einschatzen als ausserliche, instrumental oder soziale Aspekte ihrer Beschaftigung. Der Vergleich der Wertorientierung zwischen grossen und kleinen Farmern veranschaulicht einige Folgerungen und mogliche Anwendungen dieses Ansatzes.

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Citations
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Seeing Through the ‘Good Farmer's’ Eyes: Towards Developing an Understanding of the Social Symbolic Value of ‘Productivist’ Behaviour

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the symbolic meaning of intensive agricultural production: how crops/livestock are perceived by farmers, how they convey status, and how they are linked with the status of the farm family within the farming community.
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Exploring Farmers' Cultural Resistance to Voluntary Agri-environmental Schemes

TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework based on Bourdieu's notions of capital is proposed to explore how farming activities are able to generate symbolic capital, and compare this with the symbolic value of conservation work.
Journal ArticleDOI

Using social-psychology models to understand farmers’ conservation behaviour

TL;DR: This paper found that farmers with greater environmental awareness, members of the Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group, are more influenced by conservation-related concerns and less by farm management concerns than other farmers.
Book ChapterDOI

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the role of agriculture and fishing in the European level in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and show that agriculture dominates in terms of direct contribution to GDP and numbers of people engaged in it, as well as accounting for the largest amount of public support expenditure.
Journal ArticleDOI

Reconceptualising the ‘behavioural approach’ in agricultural studies: a socio-psychological perspective

TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that behavioural approaches in agriculture could be improved by using Ajzen's (Action Control: From Cognition to Behaviour, Springer, New York, 1985, pp. 11−39) theory of planned behaviour as a conceptual framework and, in particular, by taking greater account of normative influences, self-identity, and perceived selfefficacy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The function and meaning of work and the job.

TL;DR: A study of the meaning of work among a national sample of employed men indicates that for most men having a job serves other functions than the one of earning a living as discussed by the authors, even if they had enough money to support themselves, they would still want to work.
Journal ArticleDOI

Industrial Man: The Relation of Status to Experience, Perception, and Value

TL;DR: The authors found that the average proportion of persons holding a particular view may be dintinctive of a given country, but within all modern societies the order or structure of response is the same, following the typical status ladders of occupation, income, and education.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Effects of Values on Pecuniary Behavior: The Case of Academicians

TL;DR: In this article, the authors test the hypothesis that attitudes toward work-namely professional and intellectual values-can be considered to measure compensation for monetary losses, and make comparisons in terms of the expectation that, as a function of value patterns, academically employed professional and technical workers forego monetary returns relative to their nonacademic, private industry, government and self-employed counterparts.
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