Heavy metal and trace metal analysis in soil by sequential extraction: a review of procedures.
TLDR
The efficacy of the Tessier, Community Bureau of Reference, Short, Galán, and GCS procedures is addressed by looking at the soils used in each procedure, the limitations, applications, and future of sequential extraction.Abstract:
Quantification of heavy and trace metal contamination in soil can be arduous, requiring the use of lengthy and intricate extraction procedures which may or may not give reliable results. Of the many procedures in publication, some are designed to operate within specific parameters while others are designed for more broad application. Most procedures have been modified since their inception which creates ambiguity as to which procedure is most acceptable in a given situation. For this study, the Tessier, Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), Short, Galan, and Geological Society of Canada (GCS) procedures were examined to clarify benefits and limitations of each. Modifications of the Tessier, BCR, and GCS procedures were also examined. The efficacy of these procedures is addressed by looking at the soils used in each procedure, the limitations, applications, and future of sequential extraction.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanoscale zero-valent iron coated with rhamnolipid as an effective stabilizer for immobilization of Cd and Pb in river sediments
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that rhamnolipid coated nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) in immobilizing cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from contaminated river sediments was effective in transforming labile Cd and Pb to stable fraction, with the decrease of the mobility of metals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation of heavy metal mobility and availability by the BCR sequential extraction procedure: relationship between soil properties and heavy metals availability
TL;DR: In this article, surface soil and corn cob samples were collected from 15 different agricultural fields of Canakkale, Turkey to determine the concentration of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of Heavy Metal Fractions in Agricultural Soils by Sequential Extraction Procedure: The Relationship Between Soil Properties and Heavy Metal Fractions
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a sequential extraction procedure (acid soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual) as proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) of the European Commission.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of soil chemical properties and fractions of Pb, Cd, and Zn on bacterial and fungal communities
TL;DR: The results showed that long-term exposure of microorganisms to these metals changed the richness, diversity, and structure of their communities, and these metal fractions together with soil chemical properties determined the soil microbial communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy metals of surface sediments in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary: Distribution, speciation and environmental risks
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors presented the concentrations and chemical speciation of eight heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, Hg, As, Cd) in 34 surface sediment samples collected from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuarine area.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials
Gemma Rauret,José Fermín López-Sánchez,Angels Sahuquillo,Roser Rubio,Christine M. Davidson,Allan M. Ure,Ph. Quevauviller +6 more
TL;DR: An improvement to the BCR sequential extraction procedure through intercomparison exercises is offered, which will allow the obtaining of CRMs to validate analytical data in the analysis of soils and sediments, and it will also facilitate comparability ofData in the European Union.
Journal ArticleDOI
Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Sediments. An Account of the Improvement and Harmonization of Extraction Techniques Undertaken Under the Auspices of the BCR of the Commission of the European Communities
TL;DR: In this article, a series of investigations and collaborative studies, initiated by BCR, on current methods of metal speciation by extraction of soils and sediments with chemical reagents are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Spain.
TL;DR: Comparison of the results with several criteria reported in the literature for risk assessment in soils polluted by heavy metals showed the need to treat the mine tailings dumped in the mine area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical Speciation and Fractionation in Soil and Sediment Heavy Metal Analysis: A Review
Filip Tack,Marc Verloo +1 more
TL;DR: Several chemical speciation and fractionation methods for heavy metal analysis in soils and sediments have been and are still being developed and applied as mentioned in this paper, including ion exchange/gel chromatography, filtration, centrifugation and sieving, selective solvent extraction.