Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.
Cuiyan Wang,Riyu Pan,Xiaoyang Wan,Yilin Tan,Linkang Xu,Cyrus S.H. Ho,Roger C.M. Ho,Roger C.M. Ho +7 more
TLDR
The findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.Abstract:
Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.read more
Citations
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Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science.
Emily A. Holmes,Emily A. Holmes,Rory C. O'Connor,V. Hugh Perry,Irene Tracey,Simon Wessely,Louise Arseneault,Clive Ballard,Helen Christensen,Roxane Cohen Silver,Ian P. Everall,Tamsin Ford,Ann John,Thomas Kabir,Kate King,Ira Madan,Susan Michie,Andrew K. Przybylski,Roz Shafran,Angela Sweeney,Carol M. Worthman,Lucy Yardley,Katherine Cowan,Claire Cope,Matthew Hotopf,Edward T. Bullmore +25 more
TL;DR: There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review.
Jiaqi Xiong,Orly Lipsitz,Flora Nasri,Leanna M.W. Lui,Hartej Gill,Lee Phan,David Chen-Li,Michelle Iacobucci,Roger C.M. Ho,Amna Majeed,Roger S. McIntyre +10 more
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with highly significant levels of psychological distress that, in many cases, would meet the threshold for clinical relevance.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature.
TL;DR: Preliminary evidence suggests that symptoms of anxiety and depression and self-reported stress are common psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be associated with disturbed sleep.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sofia Pappa,Vasiliki Ntella,Timoleon Giannakas,Vassilis G. Giannakoulis,Eleni Papoutsi,Paraskevi Katsaounou +5 more
TL;DR: Early evidence suggests that a considerable proportion of HCWs experience mood and sleep disturbances during this outbreak, stressing the need to establish ways to mitigate mental health risks and adjust interventions under pandemic conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nader Salari,Amin Hosseinian-Far,Rostam Jalali,Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani,Shna Rasoulpoor,Masoud Mohammadi,Shabnam Rasoulpoor,Behnam Khaledi-Paveh +7 more
TL;DR: This systematic review and meta-analysis of existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic found that it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve themental health of vulnerable groups during the pandemic.
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