Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple choice vocabulary test MWT as a valid and short test to estimate premorbid intelligence
TLDR
It is concluded, that studies which do not control premorbid intelligence have to be considered as a “malpractice” and should not be accepted by scientists.Abstract:
The discrepancy between current and premorbid ability is a relevant indicator of acquired mental impairment, which itself is closely related to general cerebral dysfunction. The use of tests sensitive to cerebral dysfunction, raises relatively few problems compared with tests being resistant that are used to estimate premorbid mental ability. For premorbid ability, verbal tests assessing knowledge, especially vocabulary, have been shown to be valid. A test, possibly more insensitive to brain dysfunction than the ones usually administered, is the multiple choice vocabulary test (MWT = Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test). At present only German versions are available. They are presented in some detail because of their advantages. Construction of the MWT is simple, and it can be easily administered in about five minutes. The results correlate fairly well with global IQ in healthy adults (median of r = 0.72 in 22 samples) and are more insensitive to current disturbances than such tests as the WAIS vocabulary test. The limitations of premorbid tests with respect to diagnostic validity are discussed. It is concluded, that studies which do not control premorbid intelligence have to be considered as a "malpractice" and should not be accepted by scientists.read more
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Hippocampal Plasticity in Response to Exercise in Schizophrenia
Frank-Gerald Pajonk,Thomas Wobrock,Oliver Gruber,Harald Scherk,Dorothea Berner,Inge Kaizl,Astrid Kierer,Stephanie Müller,Martin Oest,Tim Meyer,Martin Backens,Thomas Schneider-Axmann,Allen E. Thornton,William G. Honer,Peter Falkai +14 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that in both healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia hippocampal volume is plastic in response to aerobic exercise.
Journal ArticleDOI
How similar are fluid cognition and general intelligence? A developmental neuroscience perspective on fluid cognition as an aspect of human cognitive ability
TL;DR: It is concluded that ongoing development of neurobiologically grounded measures of fluid cognitive skills appropriate for young children will play a key role in understanding early mental development and the adaptive success to which it is related, particularly for youngChildren facing social and economic disadvantage.
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Neural correlates of metaphor processing.
TL;DR: Reading metaphors in contrast to literal sentences revealed signal changes in the left lateral inferior frontal, inferior temporal and posterior middle/inferior temporal gyri, which may reflect semantic inferencing processes during the understanding of a metaphor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner
Dirk Scheele,Andrea Wille,Keith M. Kendrick,Birgit Stoffel-Wagner,Benjamin Becker,Onur Güntürkün,Wolfgang Maier,René Hurlemann +7 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for a mechanism by which OXT may contribute to romantic bonds in men by enhancing their partner's attractiveness and reward value compared with other women and for a finding that this finding is partner-bond specific rather than due to familiarity.
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Evidence for a direct association between cortical atrophy and cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting MS
Katrin Morgen,Gebhard Sammer,Susan M. Courtney,Tobias Wolters,Hanne Melchior,Carlo R. Blecker,Patrick Oschmann,Manfred Kaps,Dieter Vaitl +8 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate that MS-related deficits in cognition are closely associated with cortical atrophy, compatible with the progression of atrophy found in more advanced MS-patients.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dementia: the estimation of premorbid intelligence levels using the New Adult Reading Test.
Hazel E. Nelson,Anne O'Connell +1 more
TL;DR: The results from a group of patients with cortical atrophy and a control group demonstrated the superiority of the NART over the best previously available word list (the Schonell GWRT) in enabling higher and more accurate levels of intelligence to be predicted.
Book
Speed of Information-Processing and Intelligence:
TL;DR: In this article, the authors of the book "Speed of Information Processing and Intelligence" have discussed how to get this book and how to use it to learn more exciting lessons for new learners.