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Journal ArticleDOI

Structure at the Free Surface of Water and Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

J. E. B. Randles
- 01 Jan 1977 - 
- Vol. 7, pp 107-179
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TLDR
In the field of physical chemistry, one of the most popular areas of research has been the study of the structure and behaviour of water and aqueous solutions as discussed by the authors, for both technical and biological reasons, but it is also true that the complexity of water as a liquid provides its own motive to the rcsearch worker.
Abstract
During the past 20 years or so one of the regions of conspicuous growth in the field of physical chemistry has been the study of the structure and behaviour of water and aqueous solutions. There are practical reasons, for example technical and biological, for this interest, but it is also true that the complexity of water as a liquid provides its own motive to the rcsearch worker. It is unlikely that we would spend so much time in the study of water if it were as simple a liquid as Argon. However, strange though the behaviour of liquid water is, it is probably not as strange as it has sometimes been thought to be. The thermal “anomalies” of water and the abnormal “Poly-water” Seem rather likely to fade out of the scientific scene, as have other stimulating but nonviable scientific myths.

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Citations
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Specific ion effects at the air/water interface.

TL;DR: Aqueous ion-containing interfaces are ubiquitous and play a key role in a plethora of physical, chemical, atmospheric, and biological processes, from which just a few illustrative examples are mentioned.
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Liquid interfaces probed by second-harmonic and sum-frequency spectroscopy

TL;DR: Only liquid interfaces will be considered; gas/solid and solid/solid interfaces are not included; this restriction is necessary because of the enormous increase in SH and SF studies in recent years, which makes it extremely difficult to properly discuss the range of work being carried out around the world.
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Ions at the Air/Water Interface

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results from theoretical studies of aqueous ionic solvation of alkali halides aimed at developing a microscopic description of structure and dynamics at the interface between air and saliency.
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On the nature of ions at the liquid water surface

TL;DR: An overview of the nature of the interfacial structure of electrolyte solutions is presented and a detailed description of the new picture that is emerging is given.
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Unified molecular picture of the surfaces of aqueous acid, base, and salt solutions.

TL;DR: A unified and consistent view of the structure of the air/solution interface of aqueous electrolytes containing monovalent inorganic ions is presented, showing that both cations and anions exhibit enhanced concentrations at the surface and, consequently, these acids (unlike bases and salts) reduce the surface tension of water.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Free Energy of a Nonuniform System. I. Interfacial Free Energy

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the thickness of the interface increases with increasing temperature and becomes infinite at the critical temperature Tc, and that at a temperature T just below Tc the interfacial free energy σ is proportional to (T c −T) 3 2.
Journal ArticleDOI

Handbuch der Physik

M. De
Book

Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on topics at the forefront of electrochemical research, such as splitting water by electrolysis, splitting water with visible light, and the recent development of lithium batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Theory of Water and Ionic Solution, with Particular Reference to Hydrogen and Hydroxyl Ions

TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral and x-ray properties of water and ionic solutions have been deduced quantitatively in good agreement with experiment using a model of the water molecule derived from spectral and X-ray data.
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