The ecological validity of tests of executive function.
TLDR
The extent to which the tests predicted the patients' everyday life problems was significantly predictive of at least some of the behavioral and cognitive deficits reported by patients' carers, supporting the conclusions that different tests measure different cognitive processes and that there may be limits to the fractionation of the executive system.Abstract:
Ninety-two mixed etiology neurological patients and 216 control participants were assessed on a range of neuropsychological tests, including 10 neuropsychological measures of executive function derived from 6 different tests. People who knew the patients well (relatives or carers) completed a questionnaire about the patient's dysexecutive problems in everyday life, and this paper reports the extent to which the tests predicted the patients' everyday life problems. All of the tests were significantly predictive of at least some of the behavioral and cognitive deficits reported by patients' carers. However, factor analysis of the patients' dysexecutive symptoms suggested a fractionation of the dysexecutive syndrome, with neuropsychological tests loading differentially on 3 underlying cognitive factors (Inhibition, Intentionality, and Executive Memory), supporting the conclusions that different tests measure different cognitive processes, and that there may be limits to the fractionation of the executive system.read more
Citations
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The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis.
Akira Miyake,Naomi P. Friedman,Michael J. Emerson,Alexander H. Witzki,Amy Howerter,Tor D. Wager +5 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that it is important to recognize both the unity and diversity ofExecutive functions and that latent variable analysis is a useful approach to studying the organization and roles of executive functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Executive Function and the Frontal Lobes: A Meta-Analytic Review
Julie A. Alvarez,Eugene K. Emory +1 more
TL;DR: A critical analysis of lesion and neuroimaging studies using three popular executive function measures in order to examine the validity of the executive function construct in terms of its relation to activation and damage to the frontal lobes reveals mixed evidence that does not support a one-to-one relationship between executive functions and frontal lobe activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Elusive Nature of Executive Functions: A Review of our Current Understanding
TL;DR: The neural substrates of the executive system are examined as well as the evolution of executive functioning, from development to decline, and the ability to inhibit overlearned behavior and verbal fluency is examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropsychology Mental Structure
TL;DR: The authors consider specifically the neuropathological substrate on which are based the defective memory, ocular motor signs, the ataxia, the global confusional state and the occasional disturbance of olfactory and gustatory function and discuss the relationship between Wernicke's disease and Korsakoff's psychosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of executive functions: review of instruments and identification of critical issues.
TL;DR: It is concluded that more research is needed to fractionate the executive system by assessing a wide range of functions and to verify their neuroanatomical correlates.
References
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Multivariate data analysis
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Structural Equation Modeling: An Introduction, and SEM: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Testing A Structural Model, which shows how the model can be modified for different data types.
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From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure
TL;DR: Cognitive neuropsychology is a branch of psychology that investigates the role of language in the development of personality and the role that language plays in the formation of identity.
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The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex.
TL;DR: The hypothesis rejects attempts to limit human reasoning and decision making to mechanisms relying, in an exclusive and unrelated manner, on either conditioning alone or cognition alone.