Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer.
Bruce K. Armstrong,Anne Kricker +1 more
TLDR
The epidemiological data suggest that in implementing sun protection an increase in intermittency of exposure should be avoided, that sun protection will have the greatest impact if achieved as early as possible in life and that it will probably have an impact later in life, especially in those who had high childhood exposure to solar radiation.Abstract:
There is persuasive evidence that each of the three main types of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma, is caused by sun exposure. The incidence rate of each is higher in fairer skinned, sun-sensitive rather than darker skinned, less sun-sensitive people; risk increases with increasing ambient solar radiation; the highest densities are on the most sun exposed parts of the body and the lowest on the least exposed; and they are associated in individuals with total (mainly SCC), occupational (mainly SCC) and non-occupational or recreational sun exposure (mainly melanoma and BCC) and a history of sunburn and presence of benign sun damage in the skin. That UV radiation specifically causes these skin cancers depends on indirect inferences from the action spectrum of solar radiation for skin cancer from studies in animals and the action spectrum for dipyrimidine dimers and evidence that presumed causative mutations for skin cancer arise most commonly at dipyrimidine sites. Sun protection is essential if skin cancer incidence is to be reduced. The epidemiological data suggest that in implementing sun protection an increase in intermittency of exposure should be avoided, that sun protection will have the greatest impact if achieved as early as possible in life and that it will probably have an impact later in life, especially in those who had high childhood exposure to solar radiation.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome
Erin Pleasance,R. Keira Cheetham,Philip J. Stephens,David J. McBride,Sean Humphray,Christopher Greenman,Ignacio Varela,Meng-Lay Lin,Gonzalo R. Ordóñez,Graham R. Bignell,Kai Ye,Julie Alipaz,Markus J. Bauer,David Beare,Adam Butler,Richard J. Carter,Lina Chen,Anthony J. Cox,Sarah Edkins,Paula Kokko-Gonzales,Niall Anthony Gormley,Russell J. Grocock,Christian D. Haudenschild,Matthew M. Hims,Terena James,Mingming Jia,Zoya Kingsbury,Catherine Leroy,John Marshall,Andrew Menzies,Laura Mudie,Zemin Ning,Thomas Royce,Ole Schulz-Trieglaff,Anastassia Spiridou,Lucy Stebbings,Lukasz Szajkowski,Jon W. Teague,David Williamson,Lynda Chin,Mark T. Ross,Peter J. Campbell,David R. Bentley,P. Andrew Futreal,Michael R. Stratton,Michael R. Stratton +45 more
TL;DR: The genomes of a malignant melanoma and a lymphoblastoid cell line from the same person are sequenced, providing the first comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from an individual cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer.
TL;DR: This poster presents a probabilistic procedure that can be used to select patients suitable for surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) with a high likelihood of survival.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Protective Role of Melanin Against UV Damage in Human Skin
TL;DR: The major acute and chronic effects of UVR on human skin, the properties of melanin, the regulation of pigmentation and its effect on skin cancer prevention are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Its Management: Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations
TL;DR: This report reviews recommendations for sun exposure and vitamin D intake and possible caveats associated with these recommendations and also examines mechanisms whereby vitamin D synthesis and intake can be optimized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lab-on-Skin: A Review of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring
TL;DR: The term "lab-on-skin" is introduced to describe a set of electronic devices that have physical properties, such as thickness, thermal mass, elastic modulus, and water-vapor permeability, which resemble those of the skin, which provide accurate, non-invasive, long-term, and continuous health monitoring.
References
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Book
Cancer Incidence in Five Continents
Freddie Bray,J. Ferlay,Mathieu Laversanne,David H. Brewster,C. Gombe Mbalawa,B. Kohler,Marion Piñeros,Eva Steliarova-Foucher,Rajaraman Swaminathan,Sebastien Antoni,Isabelle Soerjomataram,David Forman +11 more
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to establish a database of histological groups and to provide a level of consistency and quality of data that could be applied in the design of future registries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Daily sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: a randomised controlled trial.
Adèle C. Green,Adèle C. Green,Gail M. Williams,Rachel E. Neale,Veronica Hart,David Leslie,Peter G. Parsons,Geoffrey C. Marks,Philip Thomas Gaffney,Diana Battistutta,Christine Frost,Carolyn Lang,Anne Russell +12 more
TL;DR: Cutaneous squamous- cell carcinoma, but not basal-cell carcinoma seems to be amenable to prevention through the routine use of sunscreen by adults for 4.5 years, and there was no beneficial or harmful effect on the rates of either type of skin cancer, as a result of betacarotene supplementation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Melanoma and sun exposure: an overview of published studies.
TL;DR: A systematic review using results of all published case‐control studies which have assessed incident melanoma, sun exposure and sunburn shows the specificity of the positive association between melanoma risk and intermittent sun exposure, in contrast to a reduced risk with high levels of occupational exposure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reduction of Solar Keratoses by Regular Sunscreen Use
TL;DR: Regular use of sunscreens prevents the development of solar keratoses and, by implication, possibly reduces the risk of skin cancer in the long-term.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wavelengths effective in induction of malignant melanoma.
TL;DR: The results are interpreted as indicating that light energy absorbed in melanin is effective in inducing melanomas in this animal model and that, in natural sunlight, 90-95% of melanoma induction may be attributed to wavelengths > 320 nm--the UV-A and visible spectral regions.