Journal ArticleDOI
Toward consistency in breastfeeding definitions.
TLDR
The schema and framework acknowledge that the term "breastfeeding" alone is insufficient to describe the numerous types of breastfeeding behavior and subdivide full breastfeeding into categories of exclusive and almost exclusive breastfeeding, and differentiate among levels of partial breastfeeding.Abstract:
On 28 April 1988, the Interagency Group for Action on Breastfeeding met to develop and agree upon a set of definitions that could be used as standardized terminology for the collection and description of cross-sectional information on breastfeeding behavior. The schema and potential framework suggested at the meeting were reviewed extensively by breastfeeding researchers and program personnel, revised at subsequent meetings by a variety of organizations, and compared against published research on patterns of breastfeeding and their effects on infant nutrition, health, and fertility. This schema and framework: (1) acknowledge that the term "breastfeeding" alone is insufficient to describe the numerous types of breastfeeding behavior, (2) distinguish full from partial breastfeeding, (3) subdivide full breastfeeding into categories of exclusive and almost exclusive breastfeeding, (4) differentiate among levels of partial breastfeeding, and (5) recognize that there can be token breastfeeding with little to no nutritional impact. The schema and framework should assist researchers and agencies in their efforts to accurately describe and interpret breastfeeding practices.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Early skin‐to‐skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants
TL;DR: The intervention may benefit breastfeeding outcomes, early mother-infant attachment, infant crying and cardio-respiratory stability, and has no apparent short or long-term negative effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration: A 1990-2000 Literature Review
TL;DR: A promising intervention is the complementation of professional services with peer support from a mother experienced in breastfeeding, which appears to be an effective intervention with socially disadvantaged women.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale: Psychometric Assessment of the Short Form
TL;DR: Psychometric results indicate the BSES-SF is an excellent measure of breastfeeding self-efficacy and considered ready for clinical use to identify breastfeeding mothers at high risk, assess breastfeeding behaviors and cognitions to individualize confidence-building strategies, and evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions and guide program development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exclusive breastfeeding reduces acute respiratory infection and diarrhea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums.
Shams El Arifeen,Robert E. Black,Gretchen Antelman,Abdullah H Baqui,Laura E. Caulfield,Stan Becker +5 more
TL;DR: The reduction of ARI deaths underscores the broad-based beneficial effect of exclusive breastfeeding in prevention of infectious diseases beyond its role in reducing exposure to contaminated food, which may have contributed to the strong protection against diarrhea deaths.
Journal ArticleDOI
Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality
TL;DR: The findings support the current WHO recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life as a key child survival intervention and highlight the importance of breastfeeding to protect against diarrhea-specific morbidity and mortality throughout the first 2 years of life.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for protection by breast-feeding against infant deaths from infectious diseases in Brazil.
Cesar G. Victora,Cesar G. Victora,J. Patrick Vaughan,J. Patrick Vaughan,Cintia Lombardi,Cintia Lombardi,SandraM.C. Fuchs,SandraM.C. Fuchs,LucianaP. Gigante,LucianaP. Gigante,P. G. Smith,P. G. Smith,LeticiaC. Nobre,LeticiaC. Nobre,AnaMariaB. Teixeira,AnaMariaB. Teixeira,LeilaB. Moreira,LeilaB. Moreira,FernandoC. Barros,FernandoC. Barros +19 more
TL;DR: In a population-based case-control study of infant mortality in two urban areas of southern Brazil, the type of milk in an infant's diet was found to be an important risk factor for deaths from diarrhoeal and respiratory infections and cow's and formula milk seemed to be equally hazardous.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of ovulation during lactation
Ronald H. Gray,Ronald H. Gray,Oona M. R. Campbell,Oona M. R. Campbell,R. Apelo,R. Apelo,S.S. Eslami,S.S. Eslami,Howard A. Zacur,Howard A. Zacur,R.M. Ramos,R.M. Ramos,J.C. Gehret,J.C. Gehret,Miriam H. Labbok,Miriam H. Labbok +15 more
TL;DR: During the first 6 months post partum, amenorrhoeic women had low risks of ovulation (below 10%) with partial breastfeeding, and exclusive breastfeeding reduced the risk to 1-5% with either frequent short feeds or infrequent longer feeds, however, if the woman started menstruating before 6 months Post Partum, or if she continued breastfeeding beyond 6 months, the risk of Ovulation rose, and contraception would be needed.
Book
Programmes to Promote Breastfeeding
TL;DR: Modern concepts about the development of breastfeeding programs are presented focusing on the need for community analysis the importance of changing attitudes and stimulating motivation in the general public and both small-scale and national level programs.
Book
Feeding infants in four societies : causes and consequences of mothers' choices
TL;DR: The cultural context of Infant Feeding and the influence of Maternal Employment and Postpartum Amenorrhea, as well as the Influence of Health Services, are examined.
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Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT): a randomized trial in the Republic of Belarus.
Michael S. Kramer,Beverley Chalmers,Ellen Hodnett,Zinaida Sevkovskaya,Irina Dzikovich,Stanley H. Shapiro,Jean-Paul Collet,Irina Vanilovich,I Mezen,Thierry Ducruet,George Shishko,Vyacheslav Zubovich,Dimitri Mknuik,Elena Gluchanina,Viktor Y. Dombrovskiy,Anatoly Ustinovitch,Tamara Kot,Natalia Bogdanovich,Lydia Ovchinikova,Elisabet Helsing +19 more