Journal ArticleDOI
Triclosan: environmental exposure, toxicity and mechanisms of action
Andrea B. Dann,Alice Hontela +1 more
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Concern has been raised over TCS's potential for endocrine disruption, as the antimicrobial has been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis and possibly the reproductive axis, and there is strong evidence that aquatic species such as algae, invertebrates and certain types of fish are much more sensitive to TCS than mammals.Abstract:
Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol; TCS] is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent used in personal care, veterinary, industrial and household products. TCS is commonly detected in aquatic ecosystems, as it is only partially removed during the wastewater treatment process. Sorption, biodegradation and photolytic degradation mitigate the availability of TCS to aquatic biota; however the by-products such as methyltriclosan and other chlorinated phenols may be more resistant to degradation and have higher toxicity than the parent compound. The continuous exposure of aquatic organisms to TCS, coupled with its bioaccumulation potential, have led to detectable levels of the antimicrobial in a number of aquatic species. TCS has been also detected in breast milk, urine and plasma, with levels of TCS in the blood correlating with consumer use patterns of the antimicrobial. Mammalian systemic toxicity studies indicate that TCS is neither acutely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, nor a developmental toxicant. Recently, however, concern has been raised over TCS's potential for endocrine disruption, as the antimicrobial has been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis and possibly the reproductive axis. Moreover, there is strong evidence that aquatic species such as algae, invertebrates and certain types of fish are much more sensitive to TCS than mammals. TCS is highly toxic to algae and exerts reproductive and developmental effects in some fish. The potential for endocrine disruption and antibiotic cross-resistance highlights the importance of the judicious use of TCS, whereby the use of TCS should be limited to applications where it has been shown to be effective.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrences and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking water and water/sewage treatment plants: A review
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the removal and fate of PPCPs in different treatment facilities as well as the optimum methods for their elimination in STP and WTP systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Associated Disorders and Mechanisms of Action
TL;DR: Observations suggesting that endocrine disruptors do contribute to cancer, diabetes, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility are listed in this paper.
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Bacterial lipids: Metabolism and membrane homeostasis
TL;DR: This review summarizes how the explosion of new information on the diversity of biochemical and genetic regulatory mechanisms has impacted the understanding of bacterial lipid homeostasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence and toxicity of antimicrobial triclosan and by-products in the environment
Gilles Bedoux,Gilles Bedoux,Benoit Roig,Olivier Thomas,Virginie Dupont,Virginie Dupont,Barbara Le Bot +6 more
TL;DR: The excessive use of triclosan is suspected to increase the risk of emergence of TCS-resistant bacteria and the selection of resistant strains, as well as to produce cytotoxic, genot toxic, and endocrine disruptor effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution, Variability, and Predictors of Urinary Concentrations of Phenols and Parabens among Pregnant Women in Puerto Rico
John D. Meeker,David E. Cantonwine,Luis O. Rivera-González,Kelly K. Ferguson,Bhramar Mukherjee,Antonia M. Calafat,Xiaoyun Ye,Liza V. Anzalota Del Toro,Noe Crespo-Hernández,Braulio Jiménez-Vélez,Akram N. Alshawabkeh,José F. Cordero +11 more
TL;DR: Positive associations between biomarker concentrations with self-reported use of liquid soap, sunscreen, lotion, BP-3 and parabens, and cosmetics can inform future epidemiology studies and strategies to reduce exposure to these chemicals or their precursors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance.
Dana W. Kolpin,Edward T. Furlong,Michael T. Meyer,E. Michael Thurman,Steven D. Zaugg,Larry B. Barber,Herbert T. Buxton +6 more
TL;DR: The U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000 as mentioned in this paper.
OtherDOI
Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams
Herbert T. Buxton,Dana W. Kolpin +1 more
TL;DR: Results of this study demonstrate the importance of obtaining data on metabolites to fully understand not only the fate and transport of OWCs in the hydrologic system but also their ultimate overall effect on human health and the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Triclosan targets lipid synthesis
TL;DR: It is shown that triclosan blocks lipid synthesis in Escherichia coli, and that mutations in, or overexpression of, the gene fabI (which encodes enoyl reductase, involved in fatty acid synthesis) prevents this blockage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Treatments of Textiles
Yuan Gao,Robin Cranston +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the requirements for antimicrobial finishing, qualitative and quantitative evaluations of antimicrobial efficacy, the application methods of antimacterial agents and some of the most recent developments in antimicrobial treatments of textiles using various active agents such as silver, quaternary ammonium salts, polyhexamethylene biguanide, triclosan, chitosan, dyes and regenerable N-halamine compounds and peroxyacids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Höje River in Sweden
TL;DR: It is concluded that pharmaceutical substances with a high metabolic rate in humans (low excretion rate) do not necessarily induce a short lifetime in aquatic environments.