Tuberculosis 2015: Burden, Challenges and Strategy for Control and Elimination.
TLDR
A 90% reduction in TB-related mortality and an 80% decline in TB incidence within 2030 as well as the abolition of catastrophic expenditures for TB-affected people are the main targets of this strategy.Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for about 9.6 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths annually. The poorest and socially excluded groups carry the largest burden of disease, which makes it essential to properly address the social determinants of health through poverty reduction measures and targeted interventions on high-risk populations. The spread of multidrug-resistance TB requires special attention and highlights the need to foster research on TB diagnostics, new drugs and vaccines. Although many advances have been made in the fight against TB over the last twenty years, a lot is still needed to achieve global elimination. The new end-TB strategy that was first launched in 2014 by the World Health Organization, is fully in line with the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals that came into effect since January 2016 and sets ambitious goals for the post-2015 agenda. A 90% reduction in TB-related mortality and an 80% decline in TB incidence within 2030 as well as the abolition of catastrophic expenditures for TB-affected people are the main targets of this strategy. Strong government commitment and adequate financing from all countries together with community engagement and appropriate investments in research are necessary in order to reach these objectives.read more
Citations
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The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tuberculosis epidemic a modelling analysis.
Lucia Cilloni,Han Fu,Juan F. Vesga,David Dowdy,Carel Pretorius,Sevim Ahmedov,Sreenivas Achuthan Nair,Andrei Mosneaga,Enos Masini,Suvanand Sahu,Nimalan Arinaminpathy +10 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated how long term increases in TB burden could be averted in the short term through supplementary “catch-up” TB case detection and treatment, once restrictions are eased.
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Recent updates on drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Richa Singh,Surya Prakash Dwivedi,Usha Singh Gaharwar,Ramovatar Meena,Paulraj Rajamani,Tulika Prasad +5 more
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to provide recent updates on drug resistance mechanisms, newly developed/repurposed anti‐TB agents in pipeline and international recommendations to manage MDR‐TB, based on recent literature and WHO guidelines and aims to facilitate better understanding of drug resistance for effective TB therapy and clinical management.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhanced respiration prevents drug tolerance and drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Catherine Vilchèze,Travis Hartman,Brian Weinrick,Brian Weinrick,Paras Jain,Torin R. Weisbrod,Lawrence W. Leung,Joel S. Freundlich,William R. Jacobs +8 more
TL;DR: It is discovered that the combination of cysteine or other small thiols with either isoniazid or rifampicin prevents the formation of drug-tolerant and drug-resistant cells in Mtb cultures, leading to mycobacterial cell death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic physical conditions, multimorbidity and physical activity across 46 low- and middle-income countries.
Davy Vancampfort,Ai Koyanagi,Ai Koyanagi,Philip B. Ward,Simon Rosenbaum,Felipe Barreto Schuch,James Mugisha,Justin Richards,Joseph Firth,Brendon Stubbs,Brendon Stubbs +10 more
TL;DR: Targeted promotion of physical activity to populations in LMICs experiencing chronic conditions may ameliorate associated depression, mobility difficulties and pain that are themselves important barriers for initiating or adopting an active lifestyle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of Tuberculosis Reactivation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Psoriatic Arthritis Receiving Non-Anti-TNF-Targeted Biologics.
Fabrizio Cantini,Carlotta Nannini,Laura Niccoli,Linda Petrone,Giuseppe Ippolito,Delia Goletti +5 more
TL;DR: Data from controlled trials, national registries of biologics, and postmarketing surveillance show that the risk of TB reactivation in patients receiving non-anti-TNF-targeted biologicics is negligible, raising the question whether the screening procedures for LTBI would be necessary.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
WHO's new End TB Strategy
Mukund Uplekar,Diana Weil,Knut Lönnroth,Ernesto Jaramillo,Christian Lienhardt,Hannah Monica Yesudian Dias,Dennis Falzon,Katherine Floyd,G. Gargioni,Haileyesus Getahun,Christopher Gilpin,Philippe Glaziou,Malgorzata Grzemska,Fuad Mirzayev,Hiroki Nakatani,Mario C. Raviglione +15 more
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Progress in tuberculosis vaccine development and host-directed therapies—a state of the art review
Stefan H. E. Kaufmann,Christoph Lange,Martin Rao,Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy Balaji,Michael T. Lotze,Marco Schito,Alimuddin Zumla,Markus Maeurer +7 more
TL;DR: Host-directed therapies are now being developed to refocus the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis-directed immune responses towards the host; a strategy that could be especially beneficial for patients with multidrug- resistant tuberculosis or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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