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Research methods in the social sciences

Man and Nature

A Short Economic History of Modern Japan.

The use of Japan for comparative sociology is now extremely fashionable. In industrial sociology, the fall-out from the bomb exploded by Abegglen in 1958 is still noticeable. There appears to be an ever-present demand for articles and books on the peculiarities of Japanese society and culture and 'life-time commitment' is firmly fixed in students' minds as the basis of Japanese institutions. Cole's book has many virtues, but the most outstanding is the fact that it takes the debate beyond generalities and into the details of wage structure, workerlabour union and worker-supervisor relationships in two contrasting plants, a die-cast factory in Tokyo and a car components factory in a rural area in Honshu. The two groups of workers showed sharp contrasts in degrees of independence, union and work group militancy and political attitudes. The contrast lay between the 'sophisticated urban workers' of the Tokyo plant with minds of their own and the 'rural recruits' of the car plant who 'tended to identify uncritically with the fortunes of their company'. It is developed in the book into an argument about the importance of the hammer of social change in Japan. 'The cynicism and scepticism of the urban, high-schooleducated and mobile Tokyo die-cast workers, their willingness to exercise civil rights, their willingness to oppose management, their \"consumption fever\", their competitiveness and their instrumental use of traditional relationships are characteristics that can hardly be described as tradition bound and they are increasingly common.' Cole emphasizes, however, with some perception that Marxist ideological attitudes among workers are symbiotically related to traditional views of managerial authority. One is unlikely to change without the other. Because of absolute authority in the shop assured by managers, union leaders need the 'moral armour' of

Japanese Blue Collar: The Changing Tradition.

Legitimacy in International Society. By Ian Clark. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 288p. $55.00. Ian Clark's book offers the most comprehensive analysis of legitimacy in international relations available today, in the process breathing new life into the concept of international society. Organized into two main sections—a historical review of major peace settlements and an analysis of contemporary international society—the book develops a framework designed to disentangle the complex threads of discourse that make up both scholarly and public discussions of international legitimacy. The author refines and brings the tradition of the English School into direct dialogue with mainstream U.S. international relations discourse, to productive effect.

Legitimacy in International Society

The Effectiveness of Inquiry Teaching in Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking

Active learning through history subject towards racial unity in Malaysia

This study aimed at investigating the enhancement of motivation among low achievement students in the History lesson, after the multiple intelligence theory was integrated in teachers’ teaching practices. The teachers were expected to apply a new approach with various teaching activities to motivate students to learn. The sample consisted of 68 low achievement students, who were then divided into two groups: 34 students were treated in the treatment group, while another 34 students were put in the control group. This is a quasi-experiment of non equivalent control group design. The questionnaire was distributed to students of both groups, to test the effectiveness of the integration approach. Analysis of the mean and standard deviation was conducted for both groups, while the null hypothesis was tested by the t- test. Based on the pre-test, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The post-test recorded significant motivational differences between the two groups studied. It was determined that the integrated History lesson with multiple intelligences had increased the level of motivation among students in the treatment group. This shows that diversity of methods and activities undertaken were able to change students’ perception about the History subject and had increased their interests to learn History. Hence, it can be concluded that integrated multiple intelligence activities are able to increase students' motivation to learn History.

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Application of Multiple Intelligence Theory to Increase Student Motivation in Learning History

The effectiveness of teaching and learning history based on multicultural towards national integration in Malaysia

This study aims to explore the quality of Malaysian history textbooks from the perspectives of teachers and students as well as to identify the skills of using history textbooks among teachers and students. The survey respondents comprised of one hundred teachers and one hundred students that were randomly selected from national secondary schools in Malaysia. The survey used questionnaire as an instrument to collect data. Data analysis involves descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that Malaysian history textbooks are not only used as a reference, but also as teaching aids. Although the majority of teachers and students are satisfied with the quality of textbooks, the following aspects have become an issue: quality of language, illustrations and repetition of topics. The skills of using textbooks among teachers and students are average. Overall, this study showed that teachers are not fully proficient in using the history textbooks especially in creativity and integrating the content of the textbooks with the information and communication technology (ICT). Results also showed that there was no significant difference between genders in using textbooks. This study recommends that the Ministry of Education of Malaysia should organise special training for enhancing the skills of using history textbooks for both teachers and students. This will guarantee that the history textbooks are used effectively.

https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/30071/17827

Ahmad Ali Seman

Papers

The Effectiveness of Inquiry Teaching in Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking

Active learning through history subject towards racial unity in Malaysia

Application of Multiple Intelligence Theory to Increase Student Motivation in Learning History

The effectiveness of teaching and learning history based on multicultural towards national integration in Malaysia

The Skills of Using History Textbooks in Secondary School