/pdf/the-theory-of-industrial-organization-19bejph0ej.pdf

The Theory of Industrial Organization

Genetically modified (GM) crops have been used commercially for more than 10 years. Available impact studies of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant crops show that these technologies are beneficial to farmers and consumers, producing large aggregate welfare gains as well as positive effects for the environment and human health. The advantages of future applications could even be much bigger. Given a conducive institutional framework, GM crops can contribute significantly to global food security and poverty reduction. Nonetheless, widespread public reservations have led to a complex system of regulations. Overregulation has become a real threat for the further development and use of GM crops. The costs in terms of foregone benefits may be large, especially for developing countries. Economics research has an important role to play in designing efficient regulatory mechanisms and agricultural innovation systems.

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144203

The Economics of Genetically Modified Crops

https://pgeconomics.co.uk/pdf/2012globalimpactstudyfinal.pdf

GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts 1996- 2010

Federal intervention in food labeling is often proposed with the aim of achieving a social goal such as improving human health and safety, mitigating environmental hazards, averting international trade disputes, or supporting domestic agricultural and food manufacturing industries Economic theory suggests, however, that mandatory food-labeling requirements are best suited to alleviating problems of asymmetric information and are rarely effective in redressing environmental or other spillovers associated with food production and consumption Theory also suggests that the appropriate role for government in labeling depends on the type of information involved and the level and distribution of the costs and benefits of providing that information This report traces the economic theory behind food labeling and presents three case studies in which the government has intervened in labeling and two examples in which government intervention has been proposed

/pdf/economics-of-food-labeling-1so2nvroo9.pdf

Economics of Food Labeling

Impact of Bt Cotton in China

A three-region world model for the soybean complex is developed to evaluate the welfare effects of Roundup Ready (RR) soybean adoption. The structural modeling of the innovation accounts for farmers’ adoption incentives and for the observed pricing of RR soybean seeds as a proprietary technology. The calibrated model is solved for various scenarios to evaluate the production, price, and welfare impacts of RR soybean adoption. The United States gains substantially from the innovation, with the innovator capturing the larger share of the welfare gains. US farmers benefit in the base scenario, but would be adversely affected if the RR innovation were to increase yields. Spillover of the new technology to foreign competitors erodes the competitive position of domestic soybean producers, and export of the technology per se may not improve the welfare position of the innovating country. Consumers in every region gain from the adoption of RR soybeans. [ JEL Classification: F14, O33, Q16]. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1325&context=econ_las_staffpapers

Roundup Ready Soybeans and Welfare Effects in the Soybean Complex

A partial equilibrium four-region world trade model for the soybean complex is developed in which Roundup Ready (RR) products are weakly inferior substitutes to conventional ones, RR seeds are priced at a premium, and costly segregation is necessary to separate conventional and biotech products. Solution of the calibrated model illustrates how incomplete adoption of RR technology arises in equilibrium. The United States, Argentina, Brazil, and the Rest of the World (ROW) all gain from the introduction of RR soybeans, although some groups may lose. The impacts of RR production or import bans by the ROW or Brazil are analyzed. U.S. price support helps U.S. farmers, despite hurting the United States and has the potential to improve world efficiency.

/pdf/genetically-modified-crops-and-product-differentiation-trade-12hd7cstd6.pdf

Genetically Modified Crops and Product Differentiation: Trade and Welfare Effects in the Soybean Complex

Trading technology as well as final products: roundup ready soybeans and welfare effects in the soybean complex

A stylized three-region world model for the soybean complex is developed to evaluate the welfare effects of Roundup Ready (RR) soybean adoption. The innovation is modeled in a structural way that explicitly accounts for the incentives open to farmers as well as for the pricing of RR soybean seeds by a multinational firm thatholds intellectual property rights. Themodel, calibrated on recent benchmark data, is solved for various scenarios to evaluate the production, price, and welf2U"e impacts of RR soybean adoption. The United States gains substantially from the superior innovation, with the innovator capturing the larger share of the welfare gains. US farmers benefit in the base scenario, but would be adversely affected if the RR innovation were to increase yields. Spillover of the new technology to foreign competitors erodes the competitive position of domestic soybean producers, and export of the technology per se may not improve the welfare position of the innovating country. With strong overseas intellectual property rights protection, the innovatormonopolist could extract a substantial share of the efficiency gains, thus benefiting the home country. But with weaker international intellectual property protection, profits from foreign sales of the new technology just offset the loss of domestic producer welfare. Consumers in every region gain from the adoption of RR soybeans. Disciplines Agribusiness | Agricultural Economics | Technology and Innovation This report is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/econ_las_staffpapers/337 RoundupReady ®Soybeans andWelfare Effects in the Soybean Complex Giancarlo Moschini Harvey Lapan Andrei Sobolevsky September 1999 StaffPaper # 324 Theauthors are professor, professor, and research assistant, respectively, in theDepartment of Economics, Iowa State University. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the ICABR conference on "TheShape of theComing Agricultural Biotechnology Transformation; Strategic Investmentand Policy Approaches from an Economic Perspective,"University ofRome Tor Vergata, June 1999. We thank Yoav Kislev and other conference participants for their constructive comments. The support of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, through aNational Research Initiative grant, is gratefully acknowledged. This is Journal PaperNo. J-18548 of theIowaAgriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Project No.3539. Send correspondence to:Giancarlo Moschini, Department of Economics, Iowa State University, Ames, lA 50011-1070 (Email: moschini@iastate.edu). Roundup Ready ®Soybeans andWelfare Effects in theSoybean Complex • '• j'c 1 • • '.:'i I I* j -f . I I . • .j

Trading Technology As Well As Final Products: Roundup Ready Soybeans And Welfare Effects In The Soybean Complex

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1543&context=rtd

Andrei Sobolevsky

Papers

Roundup Ready Soybeans and Welfare Effects in the Soybean Complex

Genetically Modified Crops and Product Differentiation: Trade and Welfare Effects in the Soybean Complex

Trading technology as well as final products: roundup ready soybeans and welfare effects in the soybean complex

Trading Technology As Well As Final Products: Roundup Ready Soybeans And Welfare Effects In The Soybean Complex

Product differentiation arising from genetically modified organisms : trade and welfare effects in the soybean complex