There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Coronary artery disease

We present a comprehensive overview of sensor technology exploiting optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances. After a short introduction we begin by detailing the fundamental principles and theory of WGMs in optical microcavities and the transduction mechanisms frequently employed for sensing purposes. Key recent theoretical contributions to the modeling and analysis of WGM systems are highlighted. Subsequently we review the state of the art of WGM sensors by outlining efforts made to date to improve current detection limits. Proposals in this vein are numerous and range, for example, from plasmonic enhancements and active cavities to hybrid optomechanical sensors, which are already working in the shot noise limited regime. In parallel to furthering WGM sensitivity, efforts to improve the time resolution are beginning to emerge. We therefore summarize the techniques being pursued in this vein. Ultimately WGM sensors aim for real-world applications, such as measurements of force and temperature, or alternatively gas and biosensing. Each such application is thus reviewed in turn, and important achievements are discussed. Finally, we adopt a more forward-looking perspective and discuss the outlook of WGM sensors within both a physical and biological context and consider how they may yet push the detection envelope further.

/pdf/whispering-gallery-mode-sensors-3vzjirob2b.pdf

Whispering gallery mode sensors

Photonics for angular rate sensing is a well-established research field having very
 important industrial applications, especially in the field of strapdown inertial
 navigation. Recent advances in this research field are reviewed. Results obtained in
 the past years in the development of the ring laser gyroscope and the fiber optic
 gyroscope are presented. The role of integrated optics and photonic integrated
 circuit technology in the enhancement of gyroscope performance and compactness is
 broadly discussed. Architectures of new slow-light integrated angular rate sensors
 are described. Finally, photonic gyroscopes are compared with other solid-state
 gyros, showing their strengths and weaknesses.

Photonic technologies for angular velocity sensing

Label-free optical resonant sensors for biochemical applications

An InP ring resonator with an experimentally demonstrated quality factor (Q) of the order of 106 is reported for the first time. This Q value, typical for low loss technologies such as silica-on-silicon, is a record for the InP technology and improves the state-of-the-art of about one order of magnitude. The cavity has been designed aiming at the Q-factor maximization while keeping the resonance depth of about 8 dB. The device was fabricated using metal-organic vapour-phase-epitaxy, photolithography and reactive ion etching. It has been optically characterized and all its performance parameters have been estimated. InP waveguide loss low as 0.45 dB/cm has been measured, leading to a potential shot noise limited resolution of 10 °/h for a new angular velocity sensor.

High performance InP ring resonator for new generation monolithically integrated optical gyroscopes

Low-cost chip-scale optoelectronic gyroscopes having a resolution ≤ 10 °/h and a good reliability also in harsh environments could have a strong impact on the medium/high performance gyro market, which is currently dominated by well-established bulk optical angular velocity sensors. The R&D activity aiming at the demonstration of those miniaturized sensors is crucial for aerospace/defense industry, and thus it is attracting an increasing research effort and notably funds. In this paper the recent technological advances on the compact optoelectronic gyroscopes with low weight and high energy saving are reviewed. Attention is paid to both the so-called gyroscope-on-a-chip, which is a novel sensor, at the infantile stage, whose optical components are monolithically integrated on a single indium phosphide chip, and to a new ultra-high Q ring resonator for gyro applications with a configuration including a 1D photonic crystal in the resonant path. The emerging field of the gyros based on passive ring cavities, which have already shown performance comparable with that of optical fiber gyros, is also discussed.

https://www.jeos.org/index.php/jeos_rp/article/download/14013/1170

Recent advances in miniaturized optical gyroscopes

/pdf/advances-in-gyroscope-technologies-1iurvrrsl0.pdf

Caterina Ciminelli

Papers

Photonic technologies for angular velocity sensing

Label-free optical resonant sensors for biochemical applications

High performance InP ring resonator for new generation monolithically integrated optical gyroscopes

Recent advances in miniaturized optical gyroscopes

Advances in Gyroscope Technologies