Production and modification of nanofibrillated cellulose using various mechanical processes: A review

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/518754.pdf

On the use of nanocellulose as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites

PLA composites: From production to properties

In this review we introduce recent advances in the development of cellulose nanomaterials and the construction of high order structures by applying some principles of colloid and interface science. These efforts take advantage of natural assemblies in the form of fibers that nature constructs by a biogenetic bottom-up process that results in hierarchical systems encompassing a wide range of characteristic sizes. Following the reverse process, a top-down deconstruction, cellulose materials can be cleaved from fiber cell walls. The resulting nanocelluloses, mainly cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, i.e., defect-free, rod-like crystalline residues after acid hydrolysis of fibers), have been the subject of recent interest. This originates from the appealing intrinsic properties of nanocelluloses: nanoscale dimensions, high surface area, morphology, low density, chirality and thermo-mechanical performance. Directing their assembly into multiphase structures is a quest that can yield useful outcomes in many revolutionary applications. As such, we discuss the use of non-specific forces to create thin films of nanocellulose at the air–solid interface for applications in nano-coatings, sensors, etc. Assemblies at the liquid–liquid and air–liquid interfaces will be highlighted as means to produce Pickering emulsions, foams and aerogels. Finally, the prospects of a wide range of hybrid materials and other systems that can be manufactured via self and directed assembly will be introduced in light of the unique properties of nanocelluloses.

Nanocellulose properties and applications in colloids and interfaces

Bionanocomposites materials for food packaging applications: Concepts and future outlook

Cellulose macro- and nanofibers have gained increasing attention due to the high strength and stiffness, biodegradability and renewability, and their production and application in development of composites. Application of cellulose nanofibers for the development of composites is a relatively new research area. Cellulose macro- and nanofibers can be used as reinforcement in composite materials because of enhanced mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties of composites. Cellulose fibers are hydrophilic in nature, so it becomes necessary to increase their surface roughness for the development of composites with enhanced properties. In the present paper, we have reviewed the surface modification of cellulose fibers by various methods. Processing methods, properties, and various applications of nanocellulose and cellulosic composites are also discussed in this paper.

/pdf/cellulose-based-bio-and-nanocomposites-a-review-5484pyqycf.pdf

Cellulose-Based Bio- and Nanocomposites: A Review

https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/preview/298156/NASSIOPOULOS%202015%20Thermo-mechanical%20performance.pdf

Thermo-mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)/flax fibre-reinforced biocomposites

Innovation is often driven by changes in government policies regulating the industries, especially true in case of the automotive. Except weight savings, the strict EU regulation of 95% recyclable material-made vehicles drives the manufactures and scientists to seek new 'green materials' for structural applications. With handing at two major drawbacks (production cost and safety), ECHOSHELL is supported by EU to develop and optimise structural solutions for superlight electric vehicles by using bio-composites made of high- performance natural fibres and resins, providing enhanced strength and bio-degradability characteristics. Flax reinforced tannin-based composite is selected as one of the candidates and were firstly investigated with different fabric lay-up angles (non-woven flax mat, UD, (0, 90°)4 and (0, +45°, 90°, -45°)2) through authors' work. Some of the obtained results, such as tensile properties and SEM micrographs were shown in this conference paper. The UD flax reinforced composite exhibits the best tensile performance, with tensile strength and modulus of 150 MPa and 9.6 MPa, respectively. It was observed that during tension the oriented-fabric composites showed some delamination process, which are expected to be eliminated through surface treatment (alkali treatment etc.) and nanotechnology, such as the use of nano-fibrils. Failure mechanism of the tested samples were identified through SEM results, indicating that the combination of fibre pull-out, fibre breakage and brittle resins failure mainly contribute to the fracture failure of composites.

/pdf/tannin-based-flax-fibre-reinforced-composites-for-structural-vdpnkcu1nt.pdf

Tannin-based flax fibre reinforced composites for structural applications in vehicles

Side impact accidents against a tree or pole remain the most dangerous accident scenarios in rally cars. Statistical data shows that 52% of the fatali ties between 2004 and 2009 concern crashes against a rigid pole by the track sides, whilst amo ng those more than 60% were side impacts. Despite the present scientific efforts, rallying cars side impacts are still among the least understood primar ily due to limited space between the occupant and door sill, evolving safety regulations and vehicle dynamics. In this study, finite element dynamic characteristi cs of the whole car were studied. The finite element model consisted of the whole car structure and 241 parts including the engines, tyres and the suspension members with 4 different element types and 7 material models. All structural parts were modelled as low-carbon steel with the pi ecewise-linear-plasticity material model (mat 24). The tyres were modelled with the Blatz-Ko rubb er material (mat 07) whilst also rigid and other materials (mat 020, 01, 09, S01 and S02) were used to represent different parts of the model, as the suspension members, suspension links and the engine. A rollcage and two racing seats were modelled with four-node shell elements and the use of piecewise-linear-plasticity and composite-damage materials respectively. A semi-cyl indrical pole of 200mm diameter was also designed and modelled as a rigid body. The model was used to first investigate the dynamics of the crash, and later run a wide range of simulation s and parametric studies in the cage, the car’s floor and the seats. The important findings from the study are presented , conclusions drawn and scope for further development outlined.

Elias Nassiopoulos

Papers

Cellulose-Based Bio- and Nanocomposites: A Review

Thermo-mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)/flax fibre-reinforced biocomposites

Tannin-based flax fibre reinforced composites for structural applications in vehicles

Finite element dynamic simulation of whole rallying car structure: Towards better understanding of structural dynamics during side impacts