Elvira S. Poloczanska

TL;DR: This article synthesized all available studies of the consistency of marine ecological observations with expectations under climate change This yielded a meta-database of 1,735 marine biological responses for which either regional or global climate change was considered as a driver.

TL;DR: Two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years are used to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity ofClimate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review evidence for the responses of marine life to recent climate change across ocean regions, from tropical seas to polar oceans, and find that general trends in species responses are consistent with expectations from climate change, including poleward and deeper distributional shifts, advances in spring phenology, declines in calcification and increases in the abundance of warm water species.

TL;DR: Using the velocity of climate change to derive spatial trajectories for climatic niches from 1960 to 2009 and from 2006 to 2100 is used to infer changes in species distributions and gives global and regional maps of the expected direction and rate of shifts of climate migrants, and suggests areas of potential loss of species richness.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that even lower greenhouse gas emission scenarios (such as Representative Concentration Pathway RCP 4.5) are likely to drive the elimination of most warm-water coral reefs by 2040-2050.