Freddy Haesebrouck

TL;DR: Since no susceptibility breakpoints are available for most of the antibiotics discussed, an alternative approach to the interpretation of MICs is presented and some pharmacokinetic data and information on the influence of these products on the intestinal flora are presented.

TL;DR: The incidence of Clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis in poultry has increased in countries that stopped using antibiotic growth promoters and the use of probiotic and prebiotic products has been suggested, but are not available for practical use in the field at the present time.

TL;DR: There are indications that SE survives the attacks with the help of antimicrobial molecules during the formation of the egg in the hen's oviduct and inside the egg, which appears to require a unique combination of genes encoding for improved cell wall protection and repairing cellular and molecular damage, among others.

TL;DR: It is possible to decrease chicken carcass and egg contaminations by adding organic acids to the feed or drinking water at appropriate times and to use probiotic and prebiotic bacteria to achieve beneficial effects.

TL;DR: It is now clearly established that only certain C. perfringens strains are capable of inducing necrotic enteritis under specific conditions that predispose to the disease and they constitute only a minority in the intestinal tract of healthy chickens.