A circumplex model of affect

‘The Production of Space’, in: Frans Jacobi, Imagine, Space Poetry, Copenhagen, 1996, unpaginated.

The Production of Space

A typology of service organizations is presented and a conceptual framework is advanced for exploring the impact of physical surroundings on the behaviors of both customers and employees. The abili...

Servicescapes: The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees:

At the heart of emotion, mood, and any other emotionally charged event are states experienced as simply feeling good or bad, energized or enervated. These states--called core affect--influence reflexes, perception, cognition, and behavior and are influenced by many causes internal and external, but people have no direct access to these causal connections. Core affect can therefore be experienced as free-floating (mood) or can be attributed to some cause (and thereby begin an emotional episode). These basic processes spawn a broad framework that includes perception of the core-affect-altering properties of stimuli, motives, empathy, emotional meta-experience, and affect versus emotion regulation; it accounts for prototypical emotional episodes, such as fear and anger, as core affect attributed to something plus various nonemotional processes.

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Core Affect and the Psychological Construction of Emotion

The Wretched of the Earth

List of Illustrations. Acknowledgements. Introduction/Itinerary/Overture. Part I: Discovering Thirdspace: . 1. The Extraordinary Voyages of Henri Lefebvre. 2. The Trialectics of Spatiality. 3. Exploring the Spaces that Difference Makes: Notes on the Margins. 4. Increasing the Openness of Thirdspace. 5. Heterotopologies: Foucault and the Geohistory of Otherness. 6. Re--Presenting the Spatial Critique of Historicism. Part II: Inside and Outside Los Angeles: . 7. Remembrances: A Heterotopology of the Citadel--LA. 8. Inside Exopolis: Everyday Life in the Postmodern World. 9. The Stimulus of a Little Confusion: A Contemporary Comparison of Amsterdam and Los Angeles. Select Bibliography. Name Index. Subject Index.

Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other Real-And-Imagined Places

Preface to the Fifth Edition. How to Use this Dictionary. Acknowledgements. List of Contributors. The Dictionary. Index

The Dictionary of Human Geography

The meaning that persons attribute to environments is divided into perceptualcognitive meaning and affective meaning. Affective meaning is then conceptualized as a two-dimensional bipolar space that can be denned by eight variables falling in the following circular order around the perimeter: pleasant (arbitrarily set at 0°), exciting (45°), arousing (90°), distressing (135°), unpleasant (180°), gloomy (225°), sleepy (270°), and relaxing (315°, which is thus 45° from pleasant). Alternatively, the same space can be denned by two orthogonal bipolar dimensions of pleasant-unpl easant and arousing-sleepy—or equally well by exciting-gloomy and distressing-relaxing. Reliable verbal scales for these eight variables are developed and shown to approximate the proposed theoretical structure. Most of us would acknowledge the pervasive if subtle influence of affective responses on person-environment interactions. The English language provides hundreds of words, such as lively, boring, disgusting, and relaxing, that persons use to describe the affective quality of places. In spite of, or perhaps because of, this large array of affective descriptors, environmental psychologists have focused their attention on only a few and then only one at a time (such as degree of comfort, annoyance, pleasantness, or psychological stress), implicitly expressing pessimism about the possibility of including in their research or theorizing anything approaching a complete description and assessment of the affective quality attributed to places. Our thesis is that a very simple conceptualization can encompass the diverse affective concepts applied to molar physical environments. Theorists from widely differing vantage

A Description of the Affective Quality Attributed to Environments

Gender, Work and Space explores how social boundaries are constructed between women and men, and among women living in different places. Focusing on work, the segregation of men and women into different occupations, and variations in women's work experiences in different parts of the city, the authors argue that these differences are grounded, constituted in and through, space, place, and situated social networks. The sheer range and depth of this extraordinary study throws new light on the construction of social, geographic, economic, and symbolic boundaries in ordinary lives.

Gender, Work and Space

A set of 105 commonly used adjectives descriptive of the affective quality of molar physical environments was developed and factor analyzed (based on 323 subjects' ratings, each of a different environment). Two, independent, bipolar factors of affective quality-pleasing and arousing quality-were obtained and shown to correlate highly with subjects' affective reactions of pleasure and arousal to the environments. The pleasing and- arousing quality dimensions were hypothesized to summarize the emotive capacity attributed to environments and to adequately define the numerous affective descriptors commonly used: peaceful, festive, hectic, disgusting, boring, and the like. They were also offered as partial interpretations of the semantic differential factors of evaluation and activity, respectively.

Geraldine Pratt

Papers

Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other Real-And-Imagined Places

The Dictionary of Human Geography

A Description of the Affective Quality Attributed to Environments

Gender, Work and Space

Affective Quality Attributed to Environments: A Factor Analytic Study