Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are seen as the key enabling technology of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In addition to safety, VANETs also provide a cost-effective platform for numerous comfort and entertainment applications. A pragmatic solution of VANETs requires synergistic efforts in multidisciplinary areas of communication standards, routings, security and trust. Furthermore, a realistic VANET simulator is required for performance evaluation. There have been many research efforts in these areas, and consequently, a number of surveys have been published on various aspects. In this article, we first explain the key characteristics of VANETs, then provide a meta-survey of research works. We take a tutorial approach to introducing VANETs and gradually discuss intricate details. Extensive listings of existing surveys and research projects have been provided to assess development efforts. The article is useful for researchers to look at the big picture and channel their efforts in an effective way.

How Close are We to Realizing a Pragmatic VANET Solution? A Meta-Survey

How to deliver data to, or collect data from the hundreds of thousands of sensors and actuators integrated in “things” spread across virtually every smart city streets (garbage cans, storm drains, advertising panels, etc.)? The answer to the question is neither straightforward nor unique, given the scale of the issue, the lack of a single administrative entity for such tiny devices (arguably run by a multiplicity of distinct and independent service providers), and the cost and power concerns that their direct connectivity to the cellular network might pose. This paper posits that one possible alternative consists in connecting such devices to their data collection gateways using “oblivious data mules”, namely transport fleets such as taxi cabs which (unlike most data mules considered in past work) have no relation whatsoever with the smart city service providers, nor are required to follow any pre-established or optimized path, nor are willing to share their LTE connectivity. We experimentally evaluate data collection and delivery performance using real world traces gathered over a six month period in the city of Rome. Results suggest that even relatively small fleets, such as an average of about 120 vehicles, operating in parallel in a very large and irregular city such as Rome, can achieve an 80% coverage of the downtown area in less than 24 h.

Opportunistic communication in smart city: Experimental insight with small-scale taxi fleets as data carriers

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are emerging as a prominent form of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and as an effective technology for providing a wide range of safety applications for vehicle passengers. Nowadays, VANETs are of an increasing importance as they enable accessing a large variety of ubiquitous services. Such increase is also associated with a similar increase in vulnerabilities in these inter-vehicular services and communications, and consequently, the number of security attacks and threats. It is of paramount importance to ensure VANETs security as their deployment in the future must not compromise the safety and privacy of their users. The successful defending against such VANETs attacks prerequisite deploying efficient and reliable security solutions and services, and the research in this field is still immature and is continuously and rapidly growing. As such, this paper is devoted to provide a structured and comprehensive overview of the recent research advances on VANETS security services, surveying the state-of-the-art on security threats, vulnerabilities and security services, while focusing on important aspects that are not well-surveyed in the literature such as VANET security assessment tools.

Recent Advances in VANET Security: A Survey

Call Admission Control (CAC) is one of the resource management functions, which regulates network access to ensure QoS provisioning. However, the decision for CAC is very challenging issue due to user mobility, limited radio spectrum, and multimedia traffic characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new CAC scheme which considers for acceptance decision except other parameters also the security. We call the proposed system FACS-S (Fuzzy Admission Control - with Security). We evaluated by simulations the performance of proposed system and show that the FACS-S has a good behavior.

A Fuzzy-Based CAC Scheme for Cellular Networks Considering Security

With the fast development of wireless technologies, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are becoming an important networking infrastructure due to their low cost and increased high speed wireless Internet connectivity. In our previous work, we implemented the Linearly Decreasing Vmax Method (LDVM) for our WMN-PSO simulation system. In this paper, we implement a new replacement method for mesh routers called Rational Decrement of Vmax Method (RDVM). We use Size of Giant Component (SGC) and Number of Covered Mesh Clients (NCMC) as metrics for optimization. From the simulation results, we found that RDVM converges faster to best solution than LDVM.

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Implementation of a New Replacement Method in WMN-PSO Simulation System and Its Performance Evaluation

FACS-MP: A fuzzy admission control system with many priorities for wireless cellular networks and its performance evaluation

Several solutions have been proposed for improving the Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless cellular networks, such as Call Admission Control (CAC) and handover strategies. However, none of them considers the usage of different interfaces for different conditions. In this work, apart from using only Base Stations (BSs) as an important device of cellular networks, we propose a multi-interface approach in order to avoid BS overloads and improve the QoS of wireless communications. We propose a system, where each node is equipped with two interfaces: the traditional cellular network interface and Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) interface. The main difficulty for this system is how to choose the right interface in order to guarantee a minimal usage of network resources and at the same time keeping the communication performance in a satisfactory level. For this purpose, in this paper we propose a Fuzzy-Based Multi-Interface System (FBMIS), where each node is able to switch from cellular to Ad hoc and vice versa. We consider three input parameters and one output parameter. From the simulation results, our system shows a good performance.

FBMIS: A Fuzzy-Based Multi-interface System for Cellular and Ad Hoc Networks

A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a form of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET), which enables communication between vehicles and nearby roadside infrastructure through a wireless sensing device installed in vehicles. In VANETs and MANETs, the topology of network changes very often, therefore implementation of efficient routing protocols is very important problem. In VANETs, the mobility pattern of nodes is restricted along roads and is affected by movement of neighbour nodes. In this paper, we present a simulation system for VANET called CAVENET. In CAVENET, the mobility patterns of nodes are generated by one-dimensional cellular automaton. We implemented three routing protocols on CAVENET (AODV, OLSR and DYMO) and investigated their performance. We considered as evaluation metrics for simulation goodput and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). The simulation results have shown that DYMO protocol has better performance than AODV and OLSR protocols.

Goodput and PDR analysis of AODV, OLSR and DYMO protocols for vehicular networks using CAVENET

Call Admission Control (CAC) is one of the resource management functions, which regulates network access to ensure QoS provisioning. However, the decision for CAC is very challenging issue due to user mobility, limited radio spectrum, and multimedia traffic characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new CAC scheme which considers for acceptance decision except other parameters also the security and priority. We call the proposed system FACS-SP (Fuzzy Admission Control - with Security and Priority). We evaluated by simulations the performance of proposed system and show that the FACS-SP has a good behavior.

Gjergji Mino

Papers

A Fuzzy-Based CAC Scheme for Cellular Networks Considering Security

FACS-MP: A fuzzy admission control system with many priorities for wireless cellular networks and its performance evaluation

FBMIS: A Fuzzy-Based Multi-interface System for Cellular and Ad Hoc Networks

Goodput and PDR analysis of AODV, OLSR and DYMO protocols for vehicular networks using CAVENET

A CAC Scheme Based on Fuzzy Logic for Cellular Networks Considering Security and Priority Parameters