The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources

Dual role of microalgae: Phycoremediation of domestic wastewater and biomass production for sustainable biofuels production

http://www.materias.unq.edu.ar/bq02/temas/Bibliografia%20Monografias%20Turno%20Manana%20-%20Aquatic%20phototrophs.%20efficient%20alternatives%20to%20land-based%20crops%20for%20biofuels.pdf

Aquatic phototrophs: efficient alternatives to land-based crops for biofuels

Algae grown on wastewater media are a potential source of low-cost lipids for production of liquid biofuels. This study investigated lipid productivity and nutrient removal by green algae grown during treatment of dairy farm and municipal wastewaters supplemented with CO2 . Dairy wastewater was treated outdoors in bench-scale batch cultures. The lipid content of the volatile solids peaked at Day 6, during exponential growth, and declined thereafter. Peak lipid content ranged from 14–29%, depending on wastewater concentration. Maximum lipid productivity also peaked at Day 6 of batch growth, with a volumetric productivity of 17 mg/day/L of reactor and an areal productivity of 2.8 g/ m2 /day , which would be equivalent to 11,000 L/ha/year (1,200 gal/acre/year) if sustained year round. After 12 days, ammonium and orthophosphate removals were 96 and >99% , respectively. Municipal wastewater was treated in semicontinuous indoor cultures with 2–4 day hydraulic residence times (HRTs). Maximum lipid productivity f...

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Algae Grown on Dairy and Municipal Wastewater for Simultaneous Nutrient Removal and Lipid Production for Biofuel Feedstock

Enhancement of methane production in anaerobic digestion process: A review

The anaerobic digestion of microalgae is a prospective environmentally feasible option for creating a renewable source of energy for industrial and domestic needs. Microalgae anaerobic digestion is a key unit process that integrates efficiency and beneficially into the production of microalgae derived biofuels. Anaerobic digestion culminating in methane fermentation improves the economic viability of microalgae liquid biofuel production and presents an opportunity for power generation from wastewater derived microalgae. However the anaerobic digestion of microalgae biomass is not straight forward due to several technical restraints including low concentration of digestible biodegradable substrate, recalcitrant substrate constituents, cell wall degradability, low carbon to nitrogen ratio, ammonia toxicity and effects from salinity and associated metal ions. Current production methods for liquid biofuel production from microalgae produce approximately 60–70% residual biomass that is currently a byproduct. Anaerobic digestion provides biogas, but it can also provide essential nutrient recovery from lipid extracted microalgae biomass. The biogas produced from the anaerobic digestion process can be used to generate onsite electrical power or thermal heat to offset biomass processing and extraction processes. When both of these processes are integrated and operated simultaneously, the benefits to microalgae biofuel production and wastewater treatment derived energy production are increased significantly. To consider the integration of anaerobic digestion into a commercial-scale integrated microalgae production and biofuel refinery facility or wastewater treatment plant we present a review of the literature, the current state of the art and future directions for research.

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Anaerobic digestion of algae biomass: A review

Energetics of advanced integrated wastewater pond systems

Methane fermentation, submerged gas collection, and the fate of carbon in advanced integrated wastewater pond systems

Low cost reclamation using the Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems Technology and reverse osmosis.

A method of processing sewage. Non-biodegradable solids are first removed from the sewage for separate disposal. The sewage is then introduced to the bottom of a fermentation cell designed to optimize sedimentation and methane fermentation of settleable organic solids, most of which settle in the fermentation cell. Sulfate-reducing micro-organisms that release sulfides are growing in the fermentation cell. The sulfides released combine with multivalent metal particles in the sewage to form insoluble particles, a portion of which settles in the fermentation cell. The remaining metal sulfides, other suspended solids, microorganisms, nutrients, and pathogens in the sewage are then removed by natural means followed by Dissolved Air Flotation, Slow Sand Filtration and disinfection. Metal ions that escaped sedimentation in the fermentation cell are adsorbed by microorganisms that have a strong negative surface charge. Finally, reverse osmosis is carried out to produce purified water and a high-salinity concentrate. The purified water and the high-salinity concentrate, being substantially free of toxic multivalent metal particles, can be used respectively for safe human consumption and for cultivation of halophilic microalgae.

Green Franklin Bailey

Papers

Anaerobic digestion of algae biomass: A review

Energetics of advanced integrated wastewater pond systems

Methane fermentation, submerged gas collection, and the fate of carbon in advanced integrated wastewater pond systems

Low cost reclamation using the Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems Technology and reverse osmosis.

Reclaiming water and usable brine concentrate from domestic sewage