Energy resources and their utilization intimately relate to sustainable development. In attaining sustainable development, increasing the energy efficiencies of processes utilizing sustainable energy resources plays an important role. The utilization of renewable energy offers a wide range of exceptional benefits. There is also a link between exergy and sustainable development. A sustainable energy system may be regarded as a cost-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy system that effectively utilizes local resources and networks. Exergy analysis has been widely used in the design, simulation and performance evaluation of energy systems. The present study comprehensively reviews exergetic analysis and performance evaluation of a wide range of renewable energy resources (RERs) for the first time to the best of the author's knowledge. In this regard, general relations (i.e., energy, exergy, entropy and exergy balance equations along with exergy efficiency, exergetic improvement potential rate and some thermodynamic parameters, such as fuel depletion ratio, relative irreversibility, productivity lack and exergetic factor) used in the analysis are presented first. Next, exergetically analyzed and evaluated RERs include (a) solar energy systems; (a1) solar collector applications such as solar water heating systems, solar space heating and cooling, solar refrigeration, solar cookers, industrial process heat, solar desalination systems and solar thermal power plants), (a2) photovoltaics (PVs) and (a3) hybrid (PV/thermal) solar collectors, (b) wind energy systems, (c) geothermal energy systems, (c1) direct utilization (district heating, geothermal or ground-source heat pumps, greenhouses and drying) and (c2) indirect utilization (geothermal power plants), (d) biomass, (e) other renewable energy systems, and (f) country based RERs. Studies conducted on these RERs are then compared with the previously ones in tabulated forms, while the Grassmann (or exergy flow) diagrams, which are a very useful representation of exergy flows and losses, for some RERs are given. Finally, the conclusions are presented. It is expected that this comprehensive study will be very beneficial to everyone involved or interested in the exergetic design, simulation, analysis and performance assessment of RERs.

A key review on exergetic analysis and assessment of renewable energy resources for a sustainable future

http://maghaleh2012.persiangig.com/document/arsalan/zm1.pdf

Drying of eggplant and selection of a suitable thin layer drying model

Drying is a complicated process with simultaneous heat and mass transfer, and food drying is especially very complex because of the differential structure of products. In practice, a food dryer is considerably more complex than a device that merely removes moisture, and effective models are necessary for process design, optimization, energy integration, and control. Although modeling studies in food drying are important, there is no theoretical model which neither is practical nor can it unify the calculations. Therefore the experimental studies prevent their importance in drying and thin layer drying equations are important tools in mathematical modeling of food drying. They are practical and give sufficiently good results. In this study first, the theory of drying was given briefly. Next, general modeling approaches for food drying were explained. Then, commonly used or newly developed thin layer drying equations were shown, and determination of the appropriate model was explained. Afterwards, effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy calculations were expressed. Finally, experimental studies conducted in the last 10 years were reviewed, tabulated, and discussed. It is expected that this comprehensive study will be beneficial to those involved or interested in modeling, design, optimization, and analysis of food drying.

A Review of Thin Layer Drying of Foods: Theory, Modeling, and Experimental Results

https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/938493/Literature%20review%20PCM-first%20revision%20Jack%20Edited%20%281%29.pdf

A review of the applications of phase change materials in cooling, heating and power generation in different temperature ranges

Mathematical modelling of solar tunnel drying of thin layer organic tomato

This paper presents a new empirical model for single layer drying process, which was verified with selected experimental data. The present model is also compared with other single layer drying models available in the literature, using laboratory as well as field data from literature.

A new model for single-layer drying

Mathematical modeling of thin layer drying of pistachio by using solar energy

https://gazi.edu.tr/posts/download?id=104932

Energy and exergy analyses of solar drying process of pistachio

This paper presents a comprehensive review of thin-layer drying-curve models available in the literature and their comparisons for single-layer drying applications from 2003 to 2013. In this regard, a total of 67 models are selected and classified under 28 performance assessment criteria for comparison purposes. These models are then evaluated by considering the following parameters: (1) product type; (2) pretreatment type; (3) drying parameters, such as temperature, air velocity, layer thickness, microwave power levels, amount of solar radiation, vacum pressure, frequency of sound wave, excitation amplitude, relative humidity, bed depth, product shape, pH, salt content, absolute pressure, etc.; and (4) drying method employed. Furthermore, the best models obtained are employed for product drying applications and compared for different drying methods, drying parameters, and dried products.

/pdf/a-review-on-thin-layer-drying-curve-equations-1gp28nd6h0.pdf

Haydar Kucuk

Papers

A new model for single-layer drying

Mathematical modeling of thin layer drying of pistachio by using solar energy

Energy and exergy analyses of solar drying process of pistachio

A Review on Thin-Layer Drying-Curve Equations

A comprehensive review on hydrogen production from coal gasification: Challenges and Opportunities