Participants are requested to register and obtain meeting badges at the registration counter, located on the ground floor, UNCC, from 08:30 hours to 09:00 hours on the event day. Participants who are not able to register during the time indicated above are requested to do so upon their arrival at UNCC before going to the conference room. Only the names of duly registered participants will be included in the list of participants.

/pdf/economic-and-social-commission-for-asia-and-the-pacific-1cgptjifai.pdf

Economic and social commission for asia and the pacific

Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivation are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise anlimitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since The early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed. It identifies the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development. And it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve.

The political economy of democratic decentralization

Burnout and employee turnover in mental health services are costly and can have a negative impact on service user outcomes. Using the Job Demands-Resources model as a foundation, the aim of this study was to explore the relationships between burnout, turnover intention and job satisfaction in relation to specific job demands and job resources present in the workplace in the context of one Australian mental health service with approximately 1100 clinical staff. The study took a cross-sectional survey approach. The survey included demographic questions, measures of burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources. A total of 277 mental health personnel participated. Job satisfaction, turnover intention and burnout were all strongly inter-correlated. The job resources of rewards and recognition, job control, feedback and participation were associated with burnout, turnover intention and job satisfaction. Additionally, the job demands of emotional demands, shiftwork and work-home interference were associated with the exhaustion component of burnout. This study is the largest of its kind to be completed with Australian mental health personnel. Results can be used as a foundation for the development of strategies designed to reduce burnout and turnover intention and enhance job satisfaction.

/pdf/relationships-between-burnout-turnover-intention-job-4duibatrlx.pdf

Relationships between burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, job demands and job resources for mental health personnel in an Australian mental health service

This study investigates the possible environmental effects of economic openness, such as economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and trade liberalization in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. The study employed panel autoregressive lag distribution (ARDL) model to evaluate the environmental effects of economic openness; causality test was also conducted to confirm short- and long-run causality among the variables under discussion. The results show that trade, FDI, capital, and economic growth in the long run have a positive correlation with environmental degradation in SAARC countries while FDI, capital, and trade inflows have a negative relation with CO2 emissions in the short run. Furthermore, economic growth by creating new job opportunities improved emissions also in the short run. FDI, trade, capital, and GDP have long-run causality with CO2 emissions. Bidirectional causality was found between GDP and CO2 emissions, unidirectional causality was also running from FDI inflows to economic growth, unidirectional causality running from capital to FDI and trade to capital. Finally, trade and economic growth also have unidirectional causality in the short run. This study concludes, therefore, that SAARC countries should invest in green energy and promote green trade liberalization.

Evaluating the environmental effects of economic openness: evidence from SAARC countries.

Analyzing the relationship between poverty, income inequality, and CO2 emission in Sub-Saharan African countries

Few studies investigated the role of entrepreneurship education in students’ entrepreneurial intentions. These studies produced controversial results which invited the attention of researchers for further investigations. This paper examines the moderating role of entrepreneurship education on the predictive value of attitude, subjective norms and self-efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. True Experimental Design (post-test-only control group design) is used to investigate the change in the nature and magnitude of the impact of independent variables (personal attitude, self-efficacy and subjective norms) on the dependent variable (intentions) using entrepreneurship education as a moderating variable. Data were collected from the treatment group (completed entrepreneurship course) and control group (not taken entrepreneurship course) from various higher education institutions in Oman. Total 500 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 204 filled questionnaires were received back in which 196 qualified as valid responses. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. The statistical relationship among the modeled variables was estimated using Partial Least Square method. The results revealed that attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and self-efficacy are the significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions. However, entrepreneurship education moderates this relationship by strengthening the path coefficients of attitude toward entrepreneurship and self-efficacy. Same time it weakens the path coefficient of subjective norms.

/pdf/the-moderating-role-of-entrepreneurship-education-in-shaping-40n1k5c6do.pdf

The moderating role of entrepreneurship education in shaping entrepreneurial intentions

It has been observed that professional and qualified teacher's retention become a challenge for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan as the turnover rate has been significantly increased in recent years. The main objective of this paper is to access personal, push and pull factors and to find out that which factors contribute more to turnover intention. Primary data were collected from 100 teachers of 5 HEIs using questionnaire methods. The results indicate that all factors (personal, pull and push) have contributed in the employees' turnover intentions. However, some facets of personal factor have significantly contributed in turnover intentions.

Measuring push, pull and personal factors affecting turnover intention: a case of university teachers in pakistan

This paper empirically examines the impact of remittances, exports, money supply (a broad measure for financial development) on economic growth in the context of Pakistan using bounds testing approach. Data set from 1976-2009 have been used for time series analysis. The result shows that remittances inflow and the lag effect of real output () are significant in short run and long run. Remittances have a positive impact on economic growth of Pakistan in both the long run and short run. The short-run effect of remittances and exports are significant and contributing to about 0.034 and 0.078% to economic growth. However, money supply was found insignificant to contribute to growth. The low coefficient of error correction model implies a slow speed of adjustment after a shock from previous year, that is, approximately 29.0% of disequilibria from the previous year’s shock converge back to the long-run equilibrium in the current year. The results presented in this study reinforce the importance to government, academic, and policy makers.

	 

	Key words: Remittances, growth, financial sector, bound test, Pakistan

/pdf/an-empirical-analysis-of-remittances-growth-nexus-in-4e5xpcla2m.pdf

An empirical analysis of remittances-growth nexus in Pakistan using bounds testing approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify major macroeconomic factors that enhance foreign direct investment (FDI) for Pakistan through the co‐integration and error correction model over a 28‐year time period, i.e. between 1980 and 2008.Design/methodology/approach – The study employed the Johansen co‐integration technique to estimate the long‐run relationship between the variables, while an error correction model was used to determine the short‐run dynamics of the system.Findings – Finding suggests that FDI has had a significant positive impact on Pakistan's economic growth in the long run. For example, trade liberalization and their interactive terms have a positive effect in the short run, while a negative effect is observed in the long run upon economic growth of Pakistan. The results indicate that due to a low quality of human capital in Pakistan; the direct effect of FDI on economic growth becomes negative.Research limitations/implications – The study was limited to a few variables, includin...

Macroeconomic factors determining FDI impact on Pakistan's growth

This study empirically examines the relationship between rewards and employee’s performance in cement industry in the Khyber Pakhtoonkhawa province of Pakistan . The study is based on primary data collected from one hundred and forty employees of various cement industry in Pakistan. A self designed questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using the techniques of rank correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. All the findings were tested at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. The result concludes that there is a direct relationship between extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards and the employees’ performance. It is also find out that recognition techniques used in cement factories are good for the maximum performance of employees.

Iqtidar Ali Shah

Papers

The moderating role of entrepreneurship education in shaping entrepreneurial intentions

Measuring push, pull and personal factors affecting turnover intention: a case of university teachers in pakistan

An empirical analysis of remittances-growth nexus in Pakistan using bounds testing approach

Macroeconomic factors determining FDI impact on Pakistan's growth

Relationship between rewards and employee’s performance in cement industry in pakistan