Executive Summary Introduction Methodology Used to Prepare the Guideline Epidemiology Incidence Etiology Major Epidemiologic Points Pathogenesis Major Points for Pathogenesis Modifiable Risk Factors Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation Aspiration, Body Position, and Enteral Feeding Modulation of Colonization: Oral Antiseptics and Antibiotics Stress Bleeding Prophylaxis, Transfusion, and Glucose Control Major Points and Recommendations for Modifiable Risk Factors Diagnostic Testing Major Points and Recommendations for Diagnosis Diagnostic Strategies and Approaches Clinical Strategy Bacteriologic Strategy Recommended Diagnostic Strategy Major Points and Recommendations for Comparing Diagnostic Strategies Antibiotic Treatment of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia General Approach Initial Empiric Antibiotic Therapy Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Adequate Dosing Local Instillation and Aerosolized Antibiotics Combination versus Monotherapy Duration of Therapy Major Points and Recommendations for Optimal Antibiotic Therapy Specific Antibiotic Regimens Antibiotic Heterogeneity and Antibiotic Cycling Response to Therapy Modification of Empiric Antibiotic Regimens Defining the Normal Pattern of Resolution Reasons for Deterioration or Nonresolution Evaluation of the Nonresponding Patient Major Points and Recommendations for Assessing Response to Therapy Suggested Performance Indicators

Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia the official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Disease Society of America (特集 救急診療ガイドライン) -- (海外のガイドライン)

International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units

Diffusion and ecological problems : mathematical models

In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the complex population dynamics a theoretical empirical synthesis book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books. Mostly, it will relate to their necessity to get knowledge from the book and want to read just to get entertainment. Novels, story book, and other entertaining books become so popular this day. Besides, the scientific books will also be the best reason to choose, especially for the students, teachers, doctors, businessman, and other professions who are fond of reading.

Complex Population Dynamics: A Theoretical/Empirical Synthesis

This paper is concerned with the study of the stationary solutions of the equation where the diffusion matrix A and the reaction term f are periodic in x. We prove existence and uniqueness results for the stationary equation and we then analyze the behaviour of the solutions of the evolution equation for large times. These results are expressed by a condition on the sign of the first eigenvalue of the associated linearized problem with periodicity condition. We explain the biological motivation and we also interpret the results in terms of species persistence in periodic environment. The effects of various aspects of heterogeneities, such as environmental fragmentation are also discussed.

Analysis of the periodically fragmented environment model: I--species persistence.

Sexual eukaryotes undergo an alternation between haploid and diploid nuclear phases. In some organisms, both the haploid and diploid phases undergo somatic development and exist as independent entities. Despite recent attention, the mechanisms by which such biphasic life cycles evolve and persist remain obscure. One explanation that has received little theoretical attention is that haploid‐diploid organisms may exploit their environments more efficiently through niche differentiation of the two ploidy phases. Even in isomorphic species, in which adults are morphologically similar, slight differences in the adult phase or among juveniles may play an important ecological role and help maintain haploid‐diploidy. We develop a genetic model for the evolution of life cycles that incorporates density‐dependent growth. We find that ecological differences between haploid and diploid phases can lead to the evolution and maintenance of biphasic life cycles under a broad range of conditions. Parameter estim...

/pdf/ecology-and-the-evolution-of-biphasic-life-cycles-2twbbc9x6y.pdf

Ecology and the Evolution of Biphasic Life Cycles

The structural basis of cooking loss in beef: Variations with temperature and ageing

/pdf/provincial-level-projection-of-the-current-mountain-pine-48z7e2r9j3.pdf

Provincial Level Projection of the Current Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak: An Overview of the model (BCMPB) and Draft Results of Year 1 of the Project

High pH in beef longissimus thoracis reduces muscle fibre transverse shrinkage and light scattering which contributes to the dark colour.

Intravenous administration of lipid is a relatively new treatment in the management of toxicity from lipophilic compounds. It is used in human medicine in the treatment of toxicity from lipophilic local anaesthetics and cardiotoxic drugs and can result in dramatic improvement in clinical status. We present six cases of poisoning in dogs successfully treated with lipid infusion after ingestion of ivermectin (3), moxidectin (2) and baclofen (1). The dogs ranged in age from eight weeks to 14 years, and weighed 4–30 kg. Intravenous lipid therapy was started between six and eight hours and 22 hours after ingestion, and all the dogs responded well. In four dogs, there was clinical improvement within one hour; one had improved within two hours and the other within 4.5 hours of lipid administration. The only adverse effect of lipid infusion reported was mild swelling and pain after extravasation in one case which resolved with conservative management. All the dogs were discharged within 24–52 hours after exposure (7–46 hours after the start of lipid administration), and none developed any apparent sequelae.

J. Hughes

Papers

Ecology and the Evolution of Biphasic Life Cycles

The structural basis of cooking loss in beef: Variations with temperature and ageing

Provincial Level Projection of the Current Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak: An Overview of the model (BCMPB) and Draft Results of Year 1 of the Project

High pH in beef longissimus thoracis reduces muscle fibre transverse shrinkage and light scattering which contributes to the dark colour.

Lipid infusion in the management of poisoning: a report of 6 canine cases.