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A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites

Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique.

Electrospinning is a highly versatile method to process solutions or melts, mainly of polymers, into continuous fibers with diameters ranging from a few micrometers to a few nanometers. This technique is applicable to virtually every soluble or fusible polymer. The polymers can be chemically modified and can also be tailored with additives ranging from simple carbon-black particles to complex species such as enzymes, viruses, and bacteria. Electrospinning appears to be straightforward, but is a rather intricate process that depends on a multitude of molecular, process, and technical parameters. The method provides access to entirely new materials, which may have complex chemical structures. Electrospinning is not only a focus of intense academic investigation; the technique is already being applied in many technological areas.

Electrospinning: A Fascinating Method for the Preparation of Ultrathin Fibers

Electrospinning: Applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering

Electrospinning is a versatile and viable technique for generating ultrathin fibers. Remarkable progress has been made with regard to the development of electrospinning methods and engineering of electrospun nanofibers to suit or enable various applications. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospinning, including the principle, methods, materials, and applications. We begin with a brief introduction to the early history of electrospinning, followed by discussion of its principle and typical apparatus. We then discuss its renaissance over the past two decades as a powerful technology for the production of nanofibers with diversified compositions, structures, and properties. Afterward, we discuss the applications of electrospun nanofibers, including their use as "smart" mats, filtration membranes, catalytic supports, energy harvesting/conversion/storage components, and photonic and electronic devices, as well as biomedical scaffolds. We highlight the most relevant and recent advances related to the applications of electrospun nanofibers by focusing on the most representative examples. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development. At the end, we discuss approaches to the scale-up production of electrospun nanofibers and briefly discuss various types of commercial products based on electrospun nanofibers that have found widespread use in our everyday life.

Electrospinning and Electrospun Nanofibers: Methods, Materials, and Applications

The effect of processing variables on the morphology of electrospun nanofibers and textiles

Controlled deposition of electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) fibers

An electro spinning process yields uniform, nanometer diameter polymer filaments. A thread-forming polymer is extruded through an anodically biased die orifice and drawn through an anodically biased electrostatic field. A continuous polymer filament is collected on a grounded collector. The polymer filament is linearly oriented and highly uniform in quality. The filament is particularly useful for weaving body armor, for chemical/biological protective clothing, as a biomedical tissue growth support, for fabricating micro sieves and for microelectronics fabrication.

Electro spinning of submicron diameter polymer filaments

: Non-woven fabrics composed of nanofibers have a large specific surface area and small pore size compared to commercial textiles These properties make such non-woven fabrics excellent candidates for filter and membrane applications, particularly in the areas of chemical and biological agent defense Nanofibers may be produced by electrospinning, which uses an electric field to produce continuous fibers with diameters in the tens of nanometers range Although the technique has been known for some time, very little information concerning the effect of processing variables such as solution concentration, viscosity, surface tension, flow rate and acceleration voltage on final fiber properties exists in the literature In this work, nanofibers of polyethylene oxide have been electrospun from a range a solution concentrations and for a range of voltages Wide angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetery indicate that crystal structure is poorly developed in the electrospun fibers, when compared to results obtained from poly(ethylene oxide) powder Fiber diameter increases with increasing concentration by the 053 power We find that for concentrations of 8% (wt) and greater, a bimodal fiber diameter distribution has been observed, which is analogous to results reported for electrospray experiments The density of node defects has been shown to increase with increasing voltage for a constant solution feed rate

Generation of Polymer Nanofibers Through Electrospinning

Hard, adherent, and low-friction silicon containing diamond-like carbon coatings (Si-DLC) have been synthesized by 40 keV Ar + ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-trisiloxane oil, on 8.90 cm (3.5 in) diameter aluminum alloy substrates. The Si-DLC coatings were implanted with nitrogen ions to doses of 3×10 15 , 3×10 16 , and 3×10 17  ions/cm 2 . The Si-DLC coating synthesis and the subsequent nitrogen ion implantation at 80 keV took place in a non-mass analyzed ion implanter. The thickness of the implanted coatings, measured with the aid of a profilometer, remained equal to the thickness of the unimplanted coating, and photon tunneling microscopy showed some surface roughening from the implantation process. The unlubricated steel ball-on-disk friction coefficient increased with increasing implant dose. However, the wear rate of the coating, determined with the aid of an optical microscope and a stylus profilometer, decreased with increasing implant dose.

James D. Kleinmeyer

Papers

The effect of processing variables on the morphology of electrospun nanofibers and textiles

Controlled deposition of electrospun poly(ethylene oxide) fibers

Electro spinning of submicron diameter polymer filaments

Generation of Polymer Nanofibers Through Electrospinning

Nitrogen ion implantation of silicon-containing diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) coatings synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition