Kirsti M. J. Lagerspetz

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated bullying as a group process, asocial phenomenon taking place in a school setting among 573 Finnish sixth-grade children (286 girls, 287 boys) aged 12-13 years.

TL;DR: In this article, gender differences in regard to aggressive behavior were investigated in a series of studies of schoolchildren of different age cohorts: 8-year-olds (N = 85), 11-year olds (n = 167), and 15-year old (n= 127), using peer nomination techniques, supported by self-ratings.

TL;DR: Gender differences regarding aggressive behaviour were investigated in 167 school children, 11 to 12 years of age, through peer-rating techniques supported by self-ratings and interviews as discussed by the authors, finding that girls made greater use of indirect means of aggression, whereas the boys tended to employ direct means.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between social intelligence, empathy, and three types of aggressive behavior were studied, and the major findings are in Line with the developmental theory by Bjorkqvist et al. [1992] suggesting that indirect aggression requires more social intelligence than direct forms of aggression.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether males, as adults, start to employ indirect aggression to the same extent is females, and found that males used the former type of aggression significantly more often than females, while females used the latter more than males.