Journal ArticleDOI
Do Girls Manipulate and Boys Fight? Developmental Trends in Regard to Direct and Indirect Aggression
TLDR
In this article, gender differences in regard to aggressive behavior were investigated in a series of studies of schoolchildren of different age cohorts: 8-year-olds (N = 85), 11-year olds (n = 167), and 15-year old (n= 127), using peer nomination techniques, supported by self-ratings.Abstract:
Gender differences in regard to aggressive behaviour were investigated in a series of studies of schoolchildren of different age cohorts: 8-year-olds (N = 85), 11-year-olds (N = 167), and 15-year-olds (N = 127). Different types of aggressive behaviour were measured with peer nomination techniques, supported by self-ratings. The social structure of the peer groups were also studied. The results of the 11-year-old cohort were previously presented by Lagerspetz et al. [1988; Aggressive Behavior 14:403-4141, but they are compared here with the other age groups. The principal finding was that girls of the two older cohorts overall make greater use of indirect means of aggression, whereas boys tend to employ direct means. Previously, the main difference between the genders has been thought to be that boys use physical aggressive strategies, while girls prefer verbal ones. Our studies suggest that the differentiation between direct and indirect strategies of aggression presents a more exact picture. Indirect aggressive strategies were not yet fully developed among the 8-year-old girls, but they were already prominent among the 11-year-old girls. Aggressive behaviour was assessed overall by the children themselves to be the highest in this age group.read more
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Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Jonathan A. Smith,Mike Osborn +1 more
TL;DR: The aim of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to explore in detail how participants are making sense of their personal and social world, and the main currency for an IPA study is the meanings particular experiences, events, states hold for participants as discussed by the authors.
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Models of the Self: Self-Construals and Gender
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TL;DR: Recognition of the interdependent self-construal as a possible alternative conception of the self may stimulate new investigations into the ways the self influences a person's thinking, feeling, and behaving.
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The content and development of mobbing at work
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of mobbing is introduced, which is defined as harassing, ganging up on someone, or psychologically terrorizing others at work at work, in the context of medical and psychological stress research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct and Indirect Aggression During Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences, Intercorrelations, and Relations to Maladjustment
TL;DR: This meta-analytic review of 148 studies on child and adolescent direct and indirect aggression examined the magnitude of gender differences, intercorrelations between forms, and associations with maladjustment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex Differences in Aggression in Real-World Settings: A Meta-Analytic Review:
TL;DR: In this paper, meta-analytic reviews of sex differences in aggression from real-world settings are described, covering self-reports, observations, peer reports, and teacher reports of overall direct, physical, and indirect aggression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gender and Helping Behavior. A Meta-Analytic Review of the Social Psychological Literature
Alice H. Eagly,Maureen Crowley +1 more
TL;DR: According to the social role theory of gender and helping as mentioned in this paper, the male gender role fosters helping that is heroic and chivalrous, whereas the female gender role fosterers helping behavior that is nurturant and caring.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stability of Aggression Over Time and Generations.
TL;DR: In this paper, Eron et al. presented a study supported in part by Grant MH-34410 to Leonard D. Eron from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
Journal ArticleDOI
Is Indirect Aggression Typical of Females? Gender Differences in Aggressiveness in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children
TL;DR: Gender differences regarding aggressive behaviour were investigated in 167 school children, 11 to 12 years of age, through peer-rating techniques supported by self-ratings and interviews as discussed by the authors, finding that girls made greater use of indirect means of aggression, whereas the boys tended to employ direct means.