We used an expanded PEER NGA-West2 database to develop a new ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) for the average horizontal components of PGA, PGV, and 5% damped linear pseudo-absolute acceler...

NGA-West2 Ground Motion Model for the Average Horizontal Components of PGA, PGV, and 5% Damped Linear Acceleration Response Spectra

Presented herein is an updated model for empirical prediction of 5 %-damped elastic response spectra in the period range 0–10 s, peak ground acceleration and velocity, based on a global dataset of digital acceleration records. The predictive model features saturation of the shaking parameters with both magnitude $$M_{W}$$
 and distance $$R_{ RUP }$$
 , magnitude-dependent distance attenuation, alternative parameterisations of the amplification effects due to local site conditions (based either on ground types or $$V_{S,30}$$
 ) and corrective terms for style-of-faulting. The calibration dataset comprises more than $$1{,}880\times 2$$
 orthogonal horizontal accelerometer records with $$R_{ RUP }< 150$$
  km from 98 global earthquakes with $$4.5\le M_{W}\le 7.9$$
 . The processing technique applied to the acceleration data optimises the reliability of the predictions at long periods, as required by displacement-based design techniques. Developed independently of the recent NGA-West2 and RESORCE-based models, the new predictive tool effectively contributes to capturing the epistemic uncertainties associated with the prediction of seismic shaking levels for engineering applications.

/pdf/updated-predictive-equations-for-broadband-0-01-10-s-3ooc20b6mf.pdf

Updated predictive equations for broadband (0.01–10 s) horizontal response spectra and peak ground motions, based on a global dataset of digital acceleration records

Ground motion prediction equations

This article presents a set of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) for Europe and the Middle East, derived from the RESORCE strong motion data bank, following a standard regression approach. The parametric GMPEs are derived for the peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5 %-damped pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra computed over 23 periods between 0.02 and 3 s, considering the average horizontal-component ground-motions. The GMPEs are valid for distances less than 300 km, hypocentral depth up to 35 km and over the magnitude range 4–7.6. Two metrics for the source-to-station distance (i.e. Joyner-Boore and hypocentral) are considered. The selected dataset is composed by 2,126 recordings (at a period of 0.1 s) related to 365 earthquakes, that includes strong-motion data from 697 stations.The EC8 soil classification (four classes from A to D) discriminates recording sites and four classes (normal, reverse, strike-slip, and unspecified) describe the style of faulting. A subset which contains only stations with measured Vs30 and earthquakes with specified focal mechanism (1,224 records from 345 stations and 255 earthquakes) is used to test of the accuracy of the median prediction and the variability associated to the broader data set. A random effect regression scheme is applied and bootstrap analyses are performed to estimate the 95 % confidence levels for the parameters. The total standard deviation sigma is decomposed into between-events and within-event components, and the site-to-site component is evaluated as well. The results show that the largest contribution to the total sigma is coming from the within-event component. When analyzing the residual distributions, no significant trends are observed that can be ascribed to the earthquake type (mainshock-aftershock classification) or to the non-linear site effects. The proposed GMPEs have lower median values than global models at short periods and large distances, while are consistent with global models at long periods $$(\hbox {T} > 1)$$
  s. Consistency is found with two regional models developed for Turkey and Italy, as the considered dataset is dominated by waveforms recorded in these regions.

/pdf/pan-european-ground-motion-prediction-equations-for-the-1d1nsroxtq.pdf

Pan-European ground-motion prediction equations for the average horizontal component of PGA, PGV, and 5 %-damped PSA at spectral periods up to 3.0 s using the RESORCE dataset

/pdf/recent-and-future-developments-in-earthquake-ground-motion-4wjdoetr8w.pdf

Recent and future developments in earthquake ground motion estimation

This article presents the latest generation of ground-motion models for the prediction of elastic response (pseudo-) spectral accelerations, as well as peak ground acceleration and velocity, derived using pan-European databases. The models present a number of novelties with respect to previous generations of models (Ambraseys et al. in Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 25:371–400, 1996, Bull Earthq Eng 3:1–53, 2005; Bommer et al. in Bull Earthq Eng 1:171–203, 2003; Akkar and Bommer in Seismol Res Lett 81:195–206, 2010), namely: inclusion of a nonlinear site amplification function that is a function of $$\text{ V }_\mathrm{S30}$$
 and reference peak ground acceleration on rock; extension of the magnitude range of applicability of the model down to $$\text{ M }_\mathrm{w}$$
 4; extension of the distance range of applicability out to 200 km; extension to shorter and longer periods (down to 0.01 s and up to 4 s); and consistent models for both point-source (epicentral, $$\text{ R }_\mathrm{epi}$$
 , and hypocentral distance, $$\text{ R }_\mathrm{hyp}$$
 ) and finite-fault (distance to the surface projection of the rupture, $$\text{ R }_\mathrm{JB}$$
 ) distance metrics. In addition, data from more than 1.5 times as many earthquakes, compared to previous pan-European models, have been used, leading to regressions based on approximately twice as many records in total. The metadata of these records have been carefully compiled and reappraised in recent European projects. These improvements lead to more robust ground-motion prediction equations than have previously been published for shallow (focal depths less than 30 km) crustal earthquakes in Europe and the Middle East. We conclude with suggestions for the application of the equations to seismic hazard assessments in Europe and the Middle East within a logic-tree framework to capture epistemic uncertainty.

/pdf/empirical-ground-motion-models-for-point-and-extended-source-440ttrey95.pdf

M. A. Sandıkkaya

Papers

Empirical ground-motion models for point- and extended-source crustal earthquake scenarios in Europe and the Middle East