A review of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded sustainable supply chain for industry 4.0 requirements

Heterogeneous Internet of Things (HetIoT) is an emerging research field that has strong potential to transform both our understanding of fundamental computer science principles and our future living. HetIoT is being employed in increasing number of areas, such as smart home, smart city, intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring, security systems, and advanced manufacturing. Therefore, relaying on strong application fields, HetIoT will be filled in our life and provide a variety of convenient services for our future. The network architectures of IoT are intrinsically heterogeneous, including wireless sensor network, wireless fidelity network, wireless mesh network, mobile communication network, and vehicular network. In each network unit, smart devices utilize appropriate communication methods to integrate digital information and physical objects, which provide users with new exciting applications and services. However, the complexity of application requirements, the heterogeneity of network architectures and communication technologies impose many challenges in developing robust HetIoT applications. This paper proposes a four-layer HetIoT architecture consisting of sensing, networking, cloud computing, and applications. Then, the state of the art in HetIoT research and applications have been discussed. This paper also suggests several potential solutions to address the challenges facing future HetIoT, including self-organizing, big data transmission, privacy protection, data integration and processing in large-scale HetIoT.

How Can Heterogeneous Internet of Things Build Our Future: A Survey

Canonical Analysis of Several Sets of Variables

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem that integrates physical objects, software and hardware to interact with each other. Aging of population, shortage of healthcare resources, and rising medical costs make IoT-based technologies necessary to be tailored to address these challenges in healthcare. This systematic literature review has been conducted to determine the main application area of IoT in healthcare, components of IoT architecture in healthcare, most important technologies in IoT, characteristics of cloud-based architecture, security and interoperability issues in IoT architecture and effects, and challenges of IoT in healthcare. Sixty relevant papers, published between 2000 and 2016, were reviewed and analyzed. This analysis revealed that home healthcare service was one of the main application areas of IoT in healthcare. Cloud-based architecture, by providing great flexibility and scalability, has been deployed in most of the reviewed studies. Communication technologies including wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), ZigBee, and Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (LoWPAN) were frequently used in different IoT models. The studies regarding the security and interoperability issues in IoT architecture in health are still low in number. With respect to the most important effects of IoT in healthcare, these included ability of information exchange, decreasing stay of hospitalization and healthcare costs. The main challenges of IoT in healthcare were security and privacy issues.

The application of internet of things in healthcare: a systematic literature review and classification

Abstract A probiotic is a culture of live microorganisms that can manipulate and maintain a beneficial microflora in the gut. Prebiotics are nondigestible feed ingredients that can positively affect the animal organism by stimulating the activity and growth of beneficial native bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate the pathogenic ones. Some studies have shown their beneficial effects when they have been used separately or simultaneously in the form of synbiotics, to obtain enhanced mutual effect. These supplements were proposed with success as alternatives to antibiotic growth-promoting feed additives but further studies are needed to better understand their mode of action and effects. This review article presents growing interest in using these antibiotic alternatives, the potential mechanism of their action in the live organism, and discusses some recent data on the effects of these supplements in poultry nutrition. Streszczenie Probiotyki to kultury żywych mikroorganizmów, które modyfikują i utrzymują korzystną mikroflorę przewodu pokarmowego. Prebiotyki to niestrawne składniki paszy korzystnie wpływające na organizmy zwierząt poprzez stymulowanie aktywności i wzrostu korzystnych bakterii naturalnie występujących w przewodzie pokarmowym i eliminowanie bakterii patogennych. Niektóre badania wykazały ich korzystne efekty przy stosowaniu pojedynczym lub równocześnie w postaci synbiotyków, w celu nasilenia ich wzajemnego działania. Dodatki te z powodzeniem stosowano jako alternatywę dla antybiotykowych stymulatorów wzrostu w paszy, jednak konieczne są dalsze badania w celu lepszego zrozumienia sposobu ich działania i skutków. Niniejszy artykuł przeglądowy prezentuje rosnące zainteresowanie użyciem tych zamienników antybiotyków i potencjalny mechanizm ich działania w żywych organizmach, omawia także najnowsze dane dotyczące wpływu tych dodatków w żywieniu drobiu.

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The Usefulness of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Modern Poultry Nutrition: a Review

Problem statement: In trying to finding phytogenic antibiotic-substitutes this study was done and effects of adding graded levels of Medicinal Herbs (MH) including garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) to laying hens’ diet on productive performance investigated. Approach: A total number of 108 Lohmann LSL-Lite hens after production peak were randomly divided in 18 cages (n = 6). Three iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets (ME = 2720 Kcal Kg-1 and CP = 154.2 g Kg-1) including three levels (0, 1 and 2 g kg-1) of ground mixture of garlic and thyme (1:1) were fed to hens with 6 replicates per diet during 6 week trial period. Collected data of Feed Intake (FI), Egg Production (EP), Egg Mass (EM) and calculated Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) as well as egg traits were analyzed based on completely randomized design using GLM procedure of SAS. Results: Dietary treatment did not have significant effect on EP, EM and FCR in laying hens (p>0.05). Dietary inclusion of MH decreased FI in weeks 1-6 (p≤0.05). Including diet with 0.1% MP improved means of egg weight (g) comparing to the other two experimental diets. Adding 0.2% MH to diet increased egg yolk color as well as blood lymphocyte counts and decreased egg shell weight comparing to other dietary treatments (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary inclusion of garlic and thyme can have beneficial effects on performance of laying hens in terms of improving egg weight and yolk color.

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Adding medicinal herbs including garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) to diet of laying hens and evaluating productive performance and egg quality characteristics.

Nations have developed their plans for sustainable development, including social, environmental, and economic aspects. Internet of things (IoT) has been introduced as the next wave of innovation. However, there is still little evidence of progressing IoT in developing countries. Therefore, making policies for investors and tech-entrepreneurs are much needed. Iran, as a transition economy, follows its 1404 economic outlook and should prioritise industries for using IoT. Thus, the aim of this study is to prioritise these industries. In the Iran Telecommunication Research Center and by using the multiple attribute decision making (MADM), criteria weight and prioritising the industries were obtained and each aspect of 'sustainable IoT', obtained and for this aim and to prioritise the industries the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalite e (ELECTRE) methods applied. The result is, respectively, healthcare, energy, smart home, transportation and retailing. The research sheds light on how policy makers can implement policies to use the IoT for achieving sustainable development.

Internet of things in industries: a survey for sustainable development

Olive pulp (OP) is the remainder of olive cake (the raw material resulting from extraction of olive oil) after the removal of the seed fractions. It can be achieved by sieving the dry olive cake to separate most of the seeds. To assess effects of dietary inclusion of OP supplementing with a cocktail commercial enzyme on performance of laying hens and egg quality characteristics, one hundred and twenty 80week-old Lohmann LSL-Lite hens, with an average laying rate of 80.3 ± 3.8% (late production phase) and 1450 ± 14 g live body weight, were divided in 20 cages (n = 6). Hens in 5 cages (replicates) were randomly assigned to feed on one of the 4 experimental diets. Based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement, 4 iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets (ME =2720 kcal/kg and CP=150 g/kg) including OP (0.0 and 90.0 g/kg) and a commercial cocktail enzyme with mostly xylanase activity (Nutrase®, 0.0 or 0.9 g/kg) were formulated. To determine blood biochemical parameters and differentiable count of white blood cells, one hen per replicate was bled via wing vein on day 35 of trial. To determine egg quality parameters, all eggs during three frequent days were collected on week 4 of trial. Collected data of feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), egg mass (EM) and calculated feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood biochemical parameters and egg quality traits during 6 week trial period was analyzed based on completely randomized design. Hens fed the OP-included diet shown decreased EP compared with hens fed the control diet during week 3 of experimental period (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference between hens fed the OP-included diet and the control diet in terms of FI and EM. In addition, the same trend was observed in terms of enzyme effect on FI and EM. Dietary enzyme supplementation improved FCR compared with hens fed the control diet during week 6 of the experimental period (p ≤ 0.05). Including OP in the diets of hens decreased the blood level of triglycerides (p ≤ 0.05). Including OP in the diets of hens increased the yolk index (p ≤ 0.05). From the results of this investigation, it can be concluded that including OP in diets of laying hens up to 9% would not have deleterious effects on bird's productive performance. In addition, dietary supplementation with a cocktail enzyme with mainly xylanase activity improved FCR in hens.

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Productive performance of laying hens fed wheat-based diets included olive pulp with or without a commercial enzyme product

Problem Statement: This study was conduct to compare effects of various commercial feed additives on performance of laying hens. Approach: To evaluate effects of dietary inclusion of feed additives (Yeasturer, A-Max, Thepax, Fermacto and Biomin) on performance of laying hens, 216 Lohmann LSL-Lite hens were divided in 36 cages (n = 6). Approach Hens in 6 cages (replicates) were assigned to feed on one of the 6 iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets (ME = 2720 Kcal Kg-1 and CP = 145 g kg-1) including control and diets with 0.5 g kg-1 of feed additives. Collected data of Feed Intake (FI), Egg Production (EP), Egg Weight (EW), Egg Mass (EM) and calculated Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) during 6-week trial period was analyzed based on completely randomized design using GLM procedure of SAS. Results and Conclusions: Dietary additive inclusion significantly affected on EW on 1-3 and 3-6 weeks. Feed additive did not have significant effect on EP, FCR, FI and EM. There was no significant difference in EP, EM, FI and FCR among the experimental groups. Hens received Yeasturer or A-Max showed improved EW compared to hens fed the control diet during weeks 1-3. Hens fed diets included additives showed improved egg shell weight and thickness compared to hens fed the control diet. There was no significant effect of dietary treatment on blood levels of cholesterol, TG and HDL. Adding Thepax or Biomin to diet significantly reduced blood levels of LDL compared to hens fed the other experimental diets. There was no significant effect of dietary treatment on diacritical counts of white blood cells. Recommendations: According to the results of the present study, probiotic Yesture and A-Max can be included in laying hens diets to improve EM. In addition, the commercial feed additives (Yeasturer, A-Max, Thepax, Fermacto and Biomin) used in this study had beneficial effects on egg shell quality characteristics in terms of shell weight and thickness and to decrease egg abnormalities due to poor shell, these feed additives could be recommendable.

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Dietary inclusion of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotic and evaluating performance of laying hens.

A six-week trial was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of date pits and olive pulps into corn-based diets (CDs) and their effects on performance, egg quality traits, serum lipid profiles and blood leucocytes subsets in laying hens. A total of 144 32-week-old Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL-Lite) laying hens were randomly distributed in 24 cages (six treatments and four replicates per treatment). The treatments were CD, wheat-based diets (WD), corn- and wheat-based diet (CWD), CD replaced with 20% date pits (DP) or 20% olive pulps (OP), or 10% date pits and 10% olive pulps (DP + OP). The results showed that the egg production and egg mass in the birds fed by-product diets were statistically (p<0.05) better than those fed WD and CWD and equal with those in CD group. The highest feed intake was observed in DP group and the lowest noted in the WD group. Treatments DP and OP also showed better (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio compared with treatments WD and CWD. In terms of egg quality traits, only yolk colour w...

Mohammad Zarei

Papers

Adding medicinal herbs including garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) to diet of laying hens and evaluating productive performance and egg quality characteristics.

Internet of things in industries: a survey for sustainable development

Productive performance of laying hens fed wheat-based diets included olive pulp with or without a commercial enzyme product

Dietary inclusion of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotic and evaluating performance of laying hens.

Single or combined effects of date pits and olive pulps on productive traits, egg quality, serum lipids and leucocytes profiles of laying hens