J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Phenolic compounds as well as flavonoids are well-known as antioxidant and many other important bioactive agents that have long been interested due to their benefits for human health, curing and preventing many diseases. This review attempts to demonstrate an overview of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds as the interesting alternative sources for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. The examples of these phytochemicals from several medicinal plants are also illustrated, and their potential applications in pharmaceutical and medical aspects, especially for health promoting e.g., antioxidant effects, antibacterial effect, anti-cancer effect, cardioprotective effects, immune system promoting and anti-inflammatory effects, skin protective effect from UV radiation and so forth are highlighted.

https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/5/3/93/pdf

Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects: An Overview.

Carboxymethyl chitosan: Properties and biomedical applications.

Natural Science Foundation of China[30000213, 30370160, 30670214]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)[2009CB522300]; Chinese Academy of Sciences

Meliaceous limonoids: chemistry and biological activities.

Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from chitin, one of the most abundant and renewable materials on Earth Chitin is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans, eg, crabs, lobsters and shrimps, and insects, the radulae of molluscs, cephalopod beaks, and the scales of fish and lissamphibians The discovery of chitin in 1811 is attributed to Henri Braconnot while the history of chitosan dates back to 1859 with the work of Charles Rouget The name of chitosan was, however, introduced in 1894 by Felix Hoppe-Seyler Chitosan has attracted major scientific and industrial interests from the late 1970s due to its particular macromolecular structure, biocompatibility, biodegradability and other intrinsic functional properties Chitosan and derivatives have practical applications in the food industry, agriculture, pharmacy, medicine, cosmetology, textile and paper industries, and in chemistry In recent years, chitosan has also received much attention in dentistry, ophthalmology, biomedicine and bioimaging, hygiene and personal care, veterinary medicine, packaging industry, agrochemistry, aquaculture, functional textiles and cosmetotextiles, catalysis, chromatography, beverage industry, photography, wastewater treatment and sludge dewatering, and biotechnology Nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals are actually growing markets, and therapeutic and biomedical products should be the next markets in the development of chitosan Chitosan is also the object of numerous fundamental studies In this review, we highlight a selection of works on chitosan applications published over the past two decades

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02402948/document

Applications of chitosan in food, pharmaceuticals, medicine, cosmetics, agriculture, textiles, pulp and paper, biotechnology, and environmental chemistry

The rise in solar ultraviolet radiation on the earth's surface has led to a depletion of stratospheric ozone over recent decades, thus accelerating the need to protect human skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation such as erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, photoaging, and skin cancer. There are many different ways to protect skin against UV radiation's harmful effects. The most popular way to reduce the amount of UV radiation penetrating the skin is topical application of sunscreen products that contain UV absorbing or reflecting active molecules. Based on their protection mechanism, the active molecules in sunscreens are broadly divided into inorganic and organic agents. Inorganic sunscreens reflect and scatter UV and visible radiation, while organic sunscreens absorb UV radiation and then re-emit energy as heat or light. These synthetic molecules have limited concentration according to regulation concern. Several natural compounds with UV absorption property have been used to substitute for or to reduce the quantity of synthetic sunscreen agents. In addition to UV absorption property, most natural compounds were found to act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents, which provide further protection against the damaging effects of UV radiation exposure. Compounds derived from natural sources have gained considerable attention for use in sunscreen products and have bolstered the market trend toward natural cosmetics. This adds to the importance of there being a wide selection of active molecules in sunscreen formulations. This paper summarizes a number of natural products derived from propolis, plants, algae, and lichens that have shown potential photoprotection properties against UV radiation exposure-induced skin damage.

Natural products as photoprotection

Carboxymethyl chitosan is a chitosan derivative of the most intensively investigated due to its water solubility in wider pH range compared with the parent compound, thus extended its use in various applications. In this review, different preparation conditions, which resulting in the N- and O-carboxylated chitosan, diverse degree of substitution and water solubility are recapitulated. Five important features of carboxymethyl chitosan from recent studies, which are moisture absorption-retention, anti-microbial properties, antioxidant capacities, delivery system and emulsion stabilization, have been centred and emphasized for cosmetic utilization. Additionally, cytotoxicity information has been inclusively incorporated to ensure its safety in application.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ics.12102

Utilization of carboxymethyl chitosan in cosmetics.

Article history: Received on: 28/07/2013 Revised on: 07/08/2013 Accepted on: 25/08/2013 Available online: 30/09/2013 Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause a number of skin disorders such as erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging, and skin cancer. Since the level of UV radiation is increasing as a result of depletion of the stratospheric ozone and climate change, the protection of human skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation is an urgent need. Topical application of sunscreens is a strategy to protect the deleterious effect of UV radiation on the skin. Sunscreens today contain one or several synthetic UV filter molecules which protect the UV radiation exposed on the epidermis. These molecules are broadly divided into physical and chemical agents. Physical sunscreens reflect and scatter UVB, UVA and visible radiation. Chemical sunscreens act by absorbing ultraviolet radiation and re-emitting chemical energy as heat or light. Several synthetic UV filter molecules are available in the market but they have limited use because these active molecules may create adverse effects on human skin. Some information on possible photon induced reaction such as photoirritation, photosensitization and contact dermatitis by sunscreen products containing synthetic organic sunscreen agents. To overcome these side effects, naturally occurring compounds have gained considerable attention as photoprotective agents. Flavonoids, a group of natural occurring compounds, act as catalysts in the light phase of photosynthesis and as stress protectants in plant cells by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Natural flavonoids have the potential photoprotection because of their UV absorbing, their ability to act as direct and indirect antioxidants as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents which provide exciting platforms for the development of photoprotection. This review summarizes the structure and potential photoprotection activity of several natural flavonoids.

/pdf/photoprotection-of-natural-flavonoids-48fdem145w.pdf

Photoprotection of natural flavonoids

Two new coumarins namely Clausenalansimin A (5) and B (9) together with seven known coumarins (1-4 and 6-8), were isolated from twigs of Clausena lansium. All compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. Some of isolates had cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (KB, MCF7 and NCI-H187).

/pdf/new-coumarins-from-clausena-lansium-twigs-jqz3qna80n.pdf

New coumarins from Clausena lansium twigs

Summary. The oils from seeds of Hevea brasiliensis (Muell. Arg.) cultivar RRIM 600 cultivated in Thailand (from two different sources, Chiang Rai and Surin provinces), were subjected to the evaluation of fatty acid composition, antioxidant activities, antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity. The seed oils were extracted using n -hexane as a solvent and the major fatty acids were oleic and linoleic acids. The seed oils from two different sources similarly exhibited high capability in inhibiting scavenging DPPH radicals (95%, 87% inhibition, from Chiang Rai and Surin provinces respectively), reducing power (1.588±0.016, 1.832±0.009 mg of AAE/mL). However, moderate lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of these two seed oils were observed (24%, 28% inhibition). The cytotoxicity effect of oil was determined on human dermal fibroblast. It showed that the H. brasiliensis seed oil was not cytotoxic to human skin at >1000 μg/mL. Based on these results, it was suggested that the H. brasiliensis seed oil may be considered as a potential antioxidant candidate for topical cosmetic applications. Industrial relevance. Natural origin raw materials have gained increasing attention for cosmetics because of their effectiveness and safety as compared to the synthetics. H. brasiliensis seed oil from this research has shown itself as a highly promising natural raw material source for cosmetic industry. It composed of skin health benefit fatty acids and has been found to exhibit high capability in inhibiting scavenging DPPH radicals. Moreover, from the cytotoxicity result, it indicated that the H. brasiliensis seed oil can safely be applied to human skin. Keywords. Hevea brasiliensis ; seed oil; fatty acids; biological activities

Nisakorn Saewan

Papers

Natural products as photoprotection

Utilization of carboxymethyl chitosan in cosmetics.

Photoprotection of natural flavonoids

New coumarins from Clausena lansium twigs

Fatty acid composition and biological activities of seed oil from rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivar RRIM 600