다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies

Dual role of microalgae: Phycoremediation of domestic wastewater and biomass production for sustainable biofuels production

Potential yields and properties of oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae with different biochemical content.

Biomass is considered to have potential to be used as an alternative energy source. High carbon content present in biomass converts it into high energy biochar on thermochemical treatment. Among few well established thermochemical technologies for the treatment of biomass and biogenic waste to produce high energy char along with oil and gaseous yield, pyrolysis is the most studied and discussed technique in the recent past. A comparison between the existing techniques is established in the present work. Production of char from the biomass and biogenic wastes is reviewed and it was found that yield of the biochar depends upon the biomass composition like moisture content and presence of cellulose or lignin. Pyrolysis product distribution and their quality strongly depend upon the process parameters. Different biomasses which can be used as raw material in pyrolysis are also reviewed and categorized depending upon their source. Pyrolysis process parameters such as temperature, heating rate, residence time etc. also influence the biochar yield. This study discusses the effect of these process parameters on the production of biochar through pyrolysis of biomass.

Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: A review

https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/82741/1/1-s2.0-S0960852414013911-main.pdf

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Developments from batch to continuous process

Hydrothermal processing of microalgae using alkali and organic acids

Two major considerations of the emerging algae biofuel industry are the energy intensive dewatering of the algae slurry and nutrient management. The proposed closed loop process which involves nutrient recycling of the aqueous phase from the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae offers a solution to both aspects. Hydrothermal liquefaction has been shown to be a low energy process for bio-crude production from microalgae. For the purpose of this research, microalgae strains of Chlorella vulgaris , Scenedesmus dimorphus and the cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis and Chlorogloeopsis fritschii were processed in batch reactors at 300 °C and 350 °C. Following liquefaction the product phases were separated and the water phase recovered. The bio-crude yields ranged from 27 to 47 wt.%. The bio-crudes were of low O and N content and high heating value making them suitable for further processing. The water phase was analysed for all major nutrients, TOC and TN to determine the suitability of the recycled aqueous phase for algae cultivation. Growth trials were performed for each algae strain in a standard growth medium and compared to the growth rates in a series of dilutions of the recycled process water phase. Growth was determined by cell count and chlorophyll a absorbance. Growth occurred in heavy dilutions where the amount of growth inhibitors was not too high. The results show that the closed loop system using the recovered aqueous phase offers a promising route for sustainable oil production and nutrient management for microalgae.

Patrick Biller

Papers

Potential yields and properties of oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae with different biochemical content.

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Developments from batch to continuous process

Hydrothermal processing of microalgae using alkali and organic acids

Nutrient recycling of aqueous phase for microalgae cultivation from the hydrothermal liquefaction process

Catalytic hydrothermal processing of microalgae: decomposition and upgrading of lipids.