Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain.

People move differently in pain. Although this statement is unquestioned, the underlying mechanisms are surprisingly poorly understood. Existing theories are relatively simplistic, and although their predictions are consistent with a range of experimental and clinical observations, there are many observations that cannot be adequately explained. New theories are required. Here, we seek to consider the motor adaptation to pain from the micro (single motoneuron) to macro (coordination of whole-muscle behaviour) levels and to provide a basis for a new theory to explain the motor changes in pain.

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Moving differently in pain: a new theory to explain the adaptation to pain.

This paper reviews the recent advances in knowledge of brainstem mechanisms related to craniofacial pain. It also draws attention to their clinical implications, and concludes with a brief overview and suggestions for future research directions. It first describes the general organizational features of the trigeminal brainstem sensory nuclear complex (VBSNC), including its input and output properties and intrinsic characteristics that are commensurate with its strategic role as the major brainstem relay of many types of somatosensory information derived from the face and mouth. The VBSNC plays a crucial role in craniofacial nociceptive transmission, as evidenced by clinical, behavioral, morphological, and electrophysiological data that have been especially derived from studies of the relay of cutaneous nociceptive afferent inputs through the subnucleus caudalis of the VBSNC. The recent literature, however, indicates that some fundamental differences exist in the processing of cutaneous vs. other craniofac...

Acute and Chronic Craniofacial Pain: Brainstem Mechanisms of Nociceptive Transmission and Neuroplasticity, and Their Clinical Correlates

Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms

Trunk muscle activation in low-back pain patients, an analysis of the literature

Articles describing motor function in five chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions (temporomandibular disorders, muscle tension headache, fibromyalgia, chronic lower back pain, and postexercise mus...

Revers Donga

Papers

The pain-adaptation model: a discussion of the relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain and motor activity.