Richard S. Meindl

TL;DR: Results show that the system is equally accurate to pubic symphyseal aging (although somewhat more difficult to apply), and also carries the advantages of a higher preservation rate for the auricular surface in archaeological populations and continued age-related change beyond the fifth decade.

TL;DR: It is concluded that suture closure can provide valuable estimates of age-at-death in both archaeological and forensic contexts when used in conjunction with other skeletal age indicators.

TL;DR: This represents the first truly blind test of an age-at-death indicator or system, as the test populations were independent of the system(s) being tested, and the age, sex, and ethnogeographic origin of the individuals being assessed were completely unknown until the tests were completed.

TL;DR: Modifications were made of the Todd system to eliminate this and other deficiencies, and a second test using a new sample was conducted, and the age distribution determined by the revised Todd method did not significantly differ from the actual age distribution of the second sample.

TL;DR: Determinations of sex by subjective assessment of the skulls from a skeletal series of known sex were compared to fully independent assessments based on pelves of the same specimens, and estimations based on the pelves were generally superior to both in terms of frequency and overall bias of error.