本文对国际科学计量学杂志《Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｏｍｅｔｒｉｃｓ》１９７９－１９９１年的研究论文内容、栏目、作者及国别和编委及国别作了计量分析，揭示出科学计量学研究的重点、活动的中心及发展趋势，说明了学科带头人在发展科学计量学这门新兴学科中的作用。

国际刊物《Scientometrics》文献计量研究

This paper surveys the existing fragmentary data on the growth of university-owned patents and university-invented patents in Europe. We find evidence that university patenting is growing, but this phenomenon remains heterogeneous across countries and disciplines. We found some evidence that university licensing is not profitable for most universities, although some do succeed in attracting substantial additional revenues. This might be due to the fact that patents and publications tend to go hand in hand. In a dynamic setting however, we fear that the increase in university patenting exacerbates differences across universities in terms of financial resources and research outcome.

University Patenting and its Effects on Academic Research: the Emerging European Evidence

Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.Anthony S. Bryk , Stephen W. Raudenbush

特集 友情 Friendship

Recent work has demonstrated that many social networks, and indeed many networks of other types also, have broad distributions of vertex degree. Here we show that this has a substantial impact on the shape of ego-centered networks, i.e., sets of network vertices that are within a given distance of a specified central vertex, the ego. This in turn affects concepts and methods based on ego-centered networks, such as snowball sampling and the "ripple effect". In particular, we argue that one's acquaintances, one's immediate neighbors in the acquaintance network, are far from being a random sample of the population, and that this biases the numbers of neighbors two and more steps away. We demonstrate this concept using data drawn from academic collaboration networks, for which, as we show, current simple theories for the typical size of ego-centered networks give numbers that differ greatly from those measured in reality. We present an improved theoretical model which gives significantly better results.

Ego-centered networks and the ripple effect

Social capital is defined as the individual’s pool of social resources found in his/her personal network. A recent study on Italians living as couples has shown that friendship relationships, beyond those within an individual’s family, are an important source of support. Here, we used data from Aspects of Daily Life, the Italian National Statistical Institute’s 2012 multipurpose survey, to analyze the relation between friendship ties and life satisfaction. Our results show that friendship, in terms of intensity (measured by the frequency with which individuals see their friends) and quality (measured by the satisfaction with friendship relationships), is positively associated to life satisfaction.

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Social relations and life satisfaction: the role of friends

The use of different data sources in the analysis of co-authorship networks and scientific performance

The multilevel approach can be a fruitful methodological framework in which to formulate the micro-macro relationships existing between individuals and their contexts. Usually, place of residence is taken as proxy for context. But individuals can be classified at the same level in more than one way. For example, not only may place of residence be relevant, but birthplace, household or working relations may also be taken into account. Contextual effects can be better identified if multiple classifications are simultaneously considered. in this sense, data do not have a purely hierarchical structure but a cross-classified one, and become very important to establish whether the resulting structure affects the covariance structure of data. In this paper, some critical issues arising from application of multilevel modelling are discussed, and multilevel cross-classified models are proposed as more flexible tools to study contextual effects. A multilevel cross-classified model is specified to evaluate simultaneously the effects of women's place of birth and women's current place of residence on the choice of bearing a second child by Italian women in the mid-1990s.

Multilevel analysis in social research: An application of a cross-classified model

Empirical studies have shown that the extent of innovation diffusion is greatly affected by the structure of the network in which innovation processes take place. This contribution aims to identify the complex structure of relationships at the basis of knowledge and innovation diffusion among actors from various organizations (ﬁrms, academic and research institutions) in a given territory. A multiplex approach is proposed to explain co-authorship and co-invention interaction among Author–Inventors community in a specific geographic area. To this end, we carry out a case study of the Trieste area (North-East Italy), characterized by a very high concentration of research organizations and by the emergence of a lively sector of small R&D firms.

Susanna Zaccarin

Papers

Social relations and life satisfaction: the role of friends

The use of different data sources in the analysis of co-authorship networks and scientific performance

Multilevel analysis in social research: An application of a cross-classified model

Modelling Multiple Interactions in Science and Technology Networks

Rural inter-firm networks as basis for multifunctional local system development: Evidence from an Italian alpine area