William M. Putman

TL;DR: An overview of the MERRA-2 system and various performance metrics is provided, including the assimilation of aerosol observations, several improvements to the representation of the stratosphere including ozone, and improved representations of cryospheric processes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a description of the ModelE2 version of the GISS General Circulation Model (GCM) and the configurations used in the simulations performed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5).

TL;DR: It is found that slight deviations from orthogonality on the modified cubed-sphere (quasi-orthogonal) grids do not negatively impact the accuracy, and that the more uniform version of the quasi-orthogsonal cubing-spheres grids provided better overall accuracy than the most orthogonal (and therefore, much less uniform) conformal grid.

TL;DR: The first intercomparison project of global storm-resolving models, DYAMOND, was presented in 2016 as discussed by the authors, where nine models submitted simulation output for a 40-day (1 August-10 September 2016) intercomarcison period, eight of these employed a tiling of the sphere that was uniformly less than 5 km.

TL;DR: GCRMs are designed to resolve the multiscale nature of moist convection in the global dynamics context, without using cumulus parameterization, and are the promise of a new generation of global weather and climate simulations.