Carlisle Companies

About: Carlisle Companies is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Signal. The organization has 1291 authors who have published 1335 publications receiving 22302 citations. The organization is also known as: Carlisle Companies Incorporated.

Before Li Ion Batteries

Abstract: This Review covers a sequence of key discoveries and technical achievements that eventually led to the birth of the lithium-ion battery. In doing so, it not only sheds light on the history with the advantage of contemporary hindsight but also provides insight and inspiration to aid in the ongoing quest for better batteries of the future. A detailed retrospective on ingenious designs, accidental discoveries, intentional breakthroughs, and deceiving misconceptions is given: from the discovery of the element lithium to its electrochemical synthesis; from intercalation host material development to the concept of dual-intercalation electrodes; and from the misunderstanding of intercalation behavior into graphite to the comprehension of interphases. The onerous demands of bringing all critical components (anode, cathode, electrolyte, solid-electrolyte interphases), each of which possess unique chemistries, into a sophisticated electrochemical device reveal that the challenge of interfacing these originally inco...

Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC)

Abstract: It is well established that people with diabetes have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular death compared to people without diabetes. Until recently there has been a lack of information on cardiovascular risk reduction in people with type 1 diabetes, especially the younger population. Previous studies looking specifically at glycaemic control have been few in number and the results inconsistent. The DCCT trial demonstrated that a period of intensive insulin therapy and improvement in HbA1c% reduced the incidence and progression of microvascular complications, but macrovascular events were not significantly reduced. The DCCT/EDIC study was the long-term observational follow up of patients from DCCT, and was used to evaluate whether intensive therapy reduced cardiovascular events in patients with type 1 diabetes. The patients treated intensively in the original DCCT trial had a 42% reduction in any first cardiovascular event when compared to the conventionally treated group, and the risk of first occurrence of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke or death from cardiovascular disease was reduced by 57%. DCCT/EDIC provides us with long-term, objective documentation of glycaemic control and its relationship to cardiovascular complications. However, until we find methods of bringing down HbA1c% without the added problem of frequent hypoglycaemia, we may find it difficult to translate these findings into our everyday practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.

Automatic condensation of electronic publications by sentence selection

Abstract: As electronic information access becomes the norm, and the variety of retrievable material increases, automatic methods of summarizing or condensing text will become critical. This paper describes a system that performs domain-independent automatic condensation of news from a large commercial news service encompassing 41 different publications. This system was evaluated against a system that condensed the same articles using only the first portion of the texts (the lead), up to the target length of the summaries. Three lengths of articles were evaluated for 250 documents by both systems, totalling 1500 suitability judgements in all. The outcome of perhaps the largest evaluation of human vs machine summarization performed to date was unexpected. The lead-based summaries outperformed the “intelligent” summaries significantly, achieving acceptability ratings of over 90%, compared to 74.4%. This paper briefly reviews the literature, details the implications of these results, and addresses the remaining hopes for content-based summarization. We expect the results presented here to be useful to other researchers currently investigating the viability of summarization through sentence selection heuristics.

aTTom: Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years in 6,953 women with early breast cancer.

Abstract: 5 Background: In estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) early breast cancer, 5 years of tamoxifen reduces breast cancer death rates by about a third throughout years 0-14. It has been uncertain how 10 years of tamoxifen compares with this. Methods: During 1991-2005, 6,953 women with ER+ (n=2755), or ER untested (4198, estimated 80% ER+ if status known) invasive breast cancer from 176 UK centres were, after 5 years of tamoxifen, randomized to stop tamoxifen or continue to year 10. Annual follow-up recorded compliance, recurrence, mortality, and hospital admissions. Results: Allocation to continue tamoxifen reduced breast cancer recurrence (580/3468 vs 672/3485, p=0.003). This reduction was time dependent: rate ratio 0.99 during years 5-6 [95%CI 0.86-1.15], 0.84 [0.73-0.95] during years 7-9, and 0.75 [0.66-0.86] later. Longer treatment also reduced breast cancer mortality (392 vs 443 deaths after recurrence, p=0.05), rate ratio 1.03 [0.84-1.27] during years 5-9 and 0.77 [0.64-0.92] later; and overall mortality (8...

Decision Tree Induction Based on Efficient Tree Restructuring

Abstract: The ability to restructure a decision tree efficiently enables a variety of approaches to decision tree induction that would otherwise be prohibitively expensive. Two such approaches are described here, one being incremental tree induction (ITI), and the other being non-incremental tree induction using a measure of tree quality instead of test quality (DMTI). These approaches and several variants offer new computational and classifier characteristics that lend themselves to particular applications.