Institution
China Medical University (Taiwan)
Education•Taichung, Taiwan•
About: China Medical University (Taiwan) is a education organization based out in Taichung, Taiwan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Apoptosis. The organization has 11722 authors who have published 22974 publications receiving 469393 citations. The organization is also known as: China Medical College.
Topics: Population, Apoptosis, Hazard ratio, Cohort, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates, and there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries.
5,802 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macro-autophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes.
For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy.
Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation, it is imperative to target by gene knockout or RNA interference more than one autophagy-related protein. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways implying that not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
5,187 citations
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Christopher J L Murray1, Christopher J L Murray2, Christopher J L Murray3, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin3 +2269 more•Institutions (286)
TL;DR: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure.
3,059 citations
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TL;DR: Benefits of a range of volumes of physical activity in a Taiwanese population between 1996 and 2008 were applicable to all age groups and both sexes, and to those with cardiovascular disease risks.
1,557 citations
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TL;DR: This paper showed that there is a strong association in Han Chinese between the human leukocyte antigen HLA-B*1502 and Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by carbamazepine, a drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of seizures.
Abstract: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and the related disease toxic epidermal necrolysis are life-threatening reactions of the skin to particular types of medication. Here we show that there is a strong association in Han Chinese between a genetic marker, the human leukocyte antigen HLA-B*1502, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by carbamazepine, a drug commonly prescribed for the treatment of seizures. It should be possible to exploit this association in a highly reliable test to predict severe adverse reaction, as well as for investigation of the pathogenesis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
1,557 citations
Authors
Showing all 11772 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Mien Chie Hung | 141 | 754 | 71633 |
Chien-Jen Chen | 128 | 655 | 66360 |
John C. Byrd | 121 | 1196 | 72930 |
Michael Heinrich | 115 | 829 | 62505 |
Lain-Jong Li | 113 | 627 | 58035 |
Wen-Hsiung Li | 106 | 461 | 61181 |
Chi-Tang Ho | 102 | 1220 | 46288 |
Peter Devilee | 101 | 395 | 49955 |
Jo Shu Chang | 99 | 639 | 37487 |
Chawnshang Chang | 97 | 534 | 35629 |
Dumitru Baleanu | 93 | 1749 | 46208 |
Po-Ren Hsueh | 92 | 1030 | 38811 |
Sharon L.R. Kardia | 90 | 454 | 34842 |
Martin Pumera | 87 | 768 | 37404 |
Matjaž Perc | 84 | 400 | 22115 |