Showing papers by "Hirosaki University published in 1973"

Distribution of Binocular Inhibitory Interaction in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Cat

Abstract: A number of lateral geniculate neurons are excited by a volley delivered to either one or the other optic nerve and the resulting excitation is inhibited by stimuli to the other optic nerve. In this report, the distribution of the binocularly interacting (BI) neurons in the three cell laminae A, Al and B of the geniculate nucleus was studied in the cat anesthetized with a chloraloseurethane mixture. Unit discharges of the geniculate neurons were explored with stainless-steel microelectrodes. The neuron responded with an action potential to a volley to either one of the two optic nerves. In some of the neurons, a conditioning volley delivered to the optic nerve inhibited spike generation of the neuron excited by the test volley. The conditioning volley itself evoked no spike in the neuron but produced inhibition. This identified it as a BI neuron. The recording sites of the geniculate neurons were marked by electrolytic deposition of iron and the marking sites were identified by the use of the Prussian blue reaction. Of a total of 169 geniculate neurons thus identified, 42% of the neurons situated in lamina A, 84% of the neurons in Al and 47% in B showed a binocular inhibitory interaction.

Plasma insulin and free fatty acids in young people with postprandial glycosuria: plasma insulin response in the cases with borderline glucose tolerance test.

Abstract: Plasma immunoreactive insulin and free fatty acid (F.F.A.) responses to an oral glucose load were observed in young students with glycosuria and with glucose intolerance of a slight degree. — The groups with a diabetic or a borderline glucose tolerance test (G.T.T.) had a delayed and protracted plasma insulin and F.F.A. response. Both responses were significantly greater than in the control group. The result indicates that a sluggish but high rise and a delayed fall of plasma insulin during the glucose load is characteristic of chemical diabetics and this tendency is seen in the cases with a borderline G.T.T. — The subjects with oxyhyperglycemic G.T.T. also had an initial delay in the insulin response and the peak was distinctly higher than in the control, but the fall was sharp. This suggests that oxyhyperglycemia is one of the preceding states of diabetes. — The subjects with renal glycosuria, in the definition of Lawrence, had a high-normal G.T.T., but their insulin and F.F.A. responses showed no difference from those of the normal.

Onset and Progress of Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis

Abstract: Clinicopathological investigations were made about the mode of the onset and progress of diabetic glomerulosclerosis; 206 renal biopsies were done on randomly selected 191 patients with various degrees of diabetic states. On 11 diabetics from whom renal biopsy specimens sufficient for histological examination could be obtained twice or three times, a prospective study was carried out by correlating morphological with clinical features during the periods of biopsies. The onset of diabetic glomerulosclerosis was not parallel with the progress; juvenile diabetics usually showed a lower incidence of diabetic glomerulosclerosis than adult-onset diabetics, whereas the progress of the disease was slower in adult-onset diabetics than in juvenile ones in whom diabetic renal changes strikingly increased along with prolongation of diabetes. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis, at least in overt diabetes, is essentially irreversible in its nature, and the histological changes are closely correlated not only with blood sugar, but also with serum lipids and blood pressure levels. More or less remarkable discrepancy between the grade of morphological changes and clinical features is recognized, when the renal lesions are not so advanced, The prognosis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis depends necessarily on both clinical and morphological aspects, and repeated renal biopsies may serve to offer valuable information from the histopathological point.

Histopathological studies on thrombotic microangiopathy with special references to three cases associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia.

Abstract: Five autopsy cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, including 3 cases associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia, were examined macroscopically, light-and electronmicroscopically. The so-called hyaline thrombi In thrombotic microangiopathy were composed of fibrin and its degenerative products. Thrombocytes and other blood cells were not seen in the thrombi. At the site of the formation of a thrombus, there was no conspicuous change in the walls of the capillaries and arterioles. It was considered, therefore, that the intravascular deposition of fibrin was the primary event in the development of thrombotic microangiopathy. In regard to the distribution and morphologic findings, there was no basic difference between the microthrombi in cases associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia and those without it. The bone marrow and some other organs in cases of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia macroscopically revealed a green colour. Many thrombi composed of leukaemic cells and fibrin were found in the pulmonary arteries of these cases. Furthermore, prominent erythrophagocytosis in the bone marrow and lymph nodes was a common finding in these cases.

Inhibitory effect of cross-immunity on autotransplantation of methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcomas.

Abstract: The autologous transplantation of methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced sarcomas in non-inbred rats, which had been immunized intensively with various allogeneic tumors, was inhibited in 33 out of 65 cases tested. The differ-ence of tissues from which allogeneic tumors originated did not influence the inhibitory effect on autotransplantation. In 10 out of 69 non-immunized controls, the autotransplantation of MCA-induced sarcomas proved to be negative. In addition, remarkable lymphoid cell infiltration was demonstrated in most of tumors induced by MCA in non-inbred rats which were immunized intensively with allogeneic tumors. The autologous transplantation was more markedly inhibited in the tumor infiltrated with massive lymphoid cells than in that not infiltrated.

A Study of EEG Abnormalities in Normal Children

Abstract: Summary Electroencephalograms of 315 children attending a regular primary school were investigated. Using the authors' criteria for normality, the subjects were classified into two groups: 126 normal children and the other 189 children (“questionable” group). At the first examination, the recordings were obtained on all of the subject during awaking and on 281 during sleep. Out of these 315 children the second examinations were done on 81 children. Periods between both examinations varied from six months to three years. Results: (1) Localized spikes or spike-wave complexes (localized seizure discharges): The localized seizure discharges were seen in 27 children (9%). Surprisingly enough, the incidence of the discharges were higher in the normal children (12%) than in the “questionable” group (6%). (2) 14–6 c/sec positive spikes: The patterns were found in 57% of the total sleep records: 52% in the normal children and 60% in the “questionable” group. Among the latter, the children with behavioral problems (71%) and with positive past history of head injury (63%) showed the patterns more frequently. (3) The constancy of these findings: Regarding the constancy of appearance of the localized seizure discharges and of 14–6 c/sec positive spikes, the comparison was done on the first and the second records on the 81 cases. As the results, out of 10 cases with the localized seizure discharges at the first examinations, four did not show them at the second, and therefore the discharges does not seem to be constant in occurrence. On the other hand, 14–6 c/sec positive spikes tended to appear rather constantly not only in the “questionable” group but also in normal children.

Application of Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin staining to epon-embedded tissues.

Abstract: A method for the application of Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin staining to epon-embedded tissue sections is described.Various tissues of the mouse were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide, embedded in epon-resin, and cut into semi-thin sections about 1μ thick. The sections were affixed to the slide surface by heating on a hot-plate.Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin solution was prepared according to ROMEIS' recipe. The staining procedure which has been utilized for paraffin and celloidin sections was applied to the epon-sections with slight modification, e. g., heating the utilized solutions. The embedding medium was not removed for the staining.The results of the present staining show that the connective tissue fibers, nuclear chromatins and nucleoli were commonly stained in dark shades of black, while the cytoplasm and nuclear sap showed light shades of yellowish brown. The keratinized layer of stratified squamous epithelium, glycogen areas of hepatic cell, goblet cell mucus, Paneth cell granules and the striated border of intestinal epithelium were selectively emphasized in dark shades. On the other hand, the sarcoplasm of muscle fibers, myelin sheaths and erythrocytes appeared in light shades. Under mounting with Canada balsam the stain remains stable for at least a year.The present method is useful especially in tissues containing a cosiderable amount of connective tissue fibers but is valid also as a general stain for all epon-embedded tissues.

Correlation between skin-lymphocyte culture test (SLC test) and skin allograft survival in mice.

Abstract: SLC test with the mixed culture of the donor's skin and recipient's lymphocytes, was investigated for tissue typing in mice. Mice used were C3H/He (H-2k), CBA (H-2k) and (C3H/He × C57BL/6) F1. SLC test was carried out with a stationary monolayer culture in Eagle's basal medium containing 0.25% phytohemagglutinin-P for 72 hours. The extent of the reaction was estimated by both the frequency of the appearance of blast-like cells on morphological observation, and the number of the aggregated lymphocytes surrounding the skin in Ehrlich's sight. The extent of the blast formation and aggregation of lymphocytes was compared with the survival time of the skin grafts in various combinations of donors and recipients. A significant correlation between the result of SLC test and the transplant survival time was found.

Metabolism of Adrenocortical Hormone in Surgical Stress

Abstract: Urinary 17-OHCS (total, free and individual fractions) were determined using TLC in patients who underwent various operations, and the following results were obtained. When control urine was collected on the day before operation, the values were high. Severe urinary infection, high fever, and irradiation treatment influenced the adrenocortical function. The variation of urinary free 17-OHCS corresponded with the variation of total 17-OHCS in major operations. With the progress of severity of surgical stress, increase in individual fractions was seen in the following order; THE, THE and compound F. Also there existed the limit of excretion for individual fractions except comp. F; camp. E up to about 1.0 mg/day, THE 7.0 to 10.0 mg/day, THE about 10.0 mg/day. The order of decrease after the maximum response was exactly opposite to that of increment.

Clot promoting activity and activities of clotting factors in lyophilized serum.

Abstract: The clot promoting activity and activities of clotting factors in lyophilized serum were the same with those in fresh serum. The clot promoting activity of lyophilized serum to control plasma and PTC deficient plasma was stable at room temperature for eight months at least. For the purpose to measure the clot promoting activity in serum, an assay for “clot promoting serum factor (s), (CPSF)” was done. There was a linear relationship between the kaolin PTT of normal plasma mixed with serum and the log of serum concentration as measured 1/10 diluted serum containing 100% CPSF activity. Compared with fresh serum, lyophilized serum is much easier to use and to transport, with less danger of contamination and better toleration for a long storage for emergency use, and it is considered to be more beneficial in practical use for serum transfusion in hemostatic procedure.

Changes in Fractions of Urinary Free 17-Hydroxy-corticosteroids before and after Operation

Abstract: Fractions (compound F, compound E, THE and THE) of urinary free and total 17-OHCS were determined in ten patients who underwent various operations, using thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, and the following results were obtained. The excretion pattern of fractions of urinary free 17-OHCS was quite different from fractions of total 17-OHCS which were measured after hydrolysis with B-glucuronidase. In addition, there was a limit to the excretion of free comp. E, THE and THE. The excretion amounts of free comp. F and comp. E were several tens percent of comp. F and comp. E which were determined as fractions of total 17-OHCS. However, the excretion amounts of free THE and THE were only several percent of THE and THE which were determined as fractions of total 17-OHCS. It was clear that comp. F and comp. E were also conjugated with glucuronic acid though the degrees of conjugation were much lower than their metabolites, THE and THE. After operation, the rates of conjugation of free comp. F and comp. E diminished as compared with those in control subjects, and the metabolism of cortisol shifted to THE pathway.

Tracheobronchial Invasion Caused by Hilar Lymph Node Tuberculosis

Abstract: During past ten years, bronchoscopic examinations revealed tracheobronchial invasions caused by hilar lymph node tuberculosis in 8 cases: Perforation of floride stadium with expectration of a lot of tubercle bacilli was found in 1 young man and 2 young women with more or less abnormal hilar shadow on their chest x-ray films, intensive extrinsic stenosis of trachea in a 3-year-old girl suffering from primary infection of tuberculosis, residual scar in 3 male abults and pinhole-sized cicatricial stenosis of the right main bronchus in a young woman. From these observations, it could be stressed that even nowadays, tracheobronchial perforation caused by hilar lymph node tuberculosis should be carefully noticed under bronchoscopic examinations for the chest diseases suspected of tuberculosis.

A new operative method for the stenosis of posterior urethra.

Abstract: A new operative technique was devised for the undilatable strictures of bulbous and membranous urethra. The principle of our method is to approach the stenotic urethra from lateral portion of urethral bulb by pushing out the bulb (either to the right or to the left) without sectioning. Eleven patients were subjected to the operation and short-term results after operation were favorable.

The Relationship between Nasal Air Flow and Pulmonary Ventilation: on the Basis of Nose and Lung Scanning

Abstract: The relationship between nasal air flow and pulmonary ventilation was investigated by the methed of nose and lung scanning. Radioaerosol of 198Au-colloid was made through ultrasonic nebulizer and inhaled from nose during 1 to 3 minutes.The nose scintigrams of the cases with intact nasal passage showed high concentration of radioactivity at the both nasal orifices, but no marked evidence of radioactivity in the paranasal sinuses. In the cases with unilateral nasal obstruction, decreased radioactivity was observed clearly at the nasal orifice on the obstructed side.Inhalation lung scans, not only in the case with intact nasal passage, but also in the case with unilateral nasal obstruction, revealed an uniform deposition of radioactivity throughout the both lung fields. When radioaerosol was inhaled lying on one side, in the case with intact nasal passage as well as in the case with unilateral nasal obstruction, larger amount of radioactivity was deposited in the inferior lung than in the superior, that is, the ventilation of the inferior lung was greater regardless of unilateral nasal obstruction.

Serum transfusion in hemophiliacs.

Abstract: To study the effectiveness of serum transfusion in hemophiliacs, in vitro experiments and in vivo trials were carried out. In in vitro experiments, addition of one volume of serum shortened consisently the kaolin added partial thromboplastin time (kaolin PTT) of both hemophilia A and B plasmas. In the former, the shortening was the same as in the control plasma, but the elevation of AHG level was not seen in the mixture, while in the latter the shortening was more marked than in the control plasma and the PTC level was elevated. In in vivo studies, 80 ml of serum was transfused in each of the cases of hemophilia A and B. In the former, kaolin PTT was shortened from 119.0 to 92.0 sec., whereas the level of AHG was not changed. In the latter, kaolin PTT was shortened from 262.0 to 151.0 see, and the PTC level was elevated from less than 1% normal to 2.8% normal. Serum transfusion is thought to be an effective hemostatic procedure in hemophilia A and especially in hemophilia B.

3. Familial Polyposis of the Colon

Abstract: Analysis was made on the 7 cases of familial polyposis of the colon in our clinic and those collected from the Japanese literature.In our cases, malignant changes were found in 4 cases operatively. One case of them was performed panproctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy. As liver metastasis and peritonitis carcinomatosa wererecognized in 3 cases of them, palliative operation such as partial resection of the colon, anastomosis of the colon or amputatio recti were carried out.Three other cases had no malignant changes. Because of bleeding tendency with thrombocytopenia was found in one case of them, total colectomy with excluding of the rectum was performed. One case of 18-year-old male was carried out the total colectomy, resection of the rectal mucosa and anal ileostomy. Sphincter muscle of the anus could preserve on this case, more physiological fecal continence was obtained by this operative procedure than permanent ileostomy. The last case without malignancy had small number of the polyps in rectal region, and total colectomy with ileoproctostomy was performed. Several times of fulguration of polyps in the remaining rectum was carried out after operation. In. spite of the frequent incidence of carcinoma in the preserved rectum after ileoproctostomy, . good results of anal function and normal continence could be obtained by this operative: method.